Exposición al SARS-CoV-2 y la percepción del riesgo de los trabajadores en entornos no sanitarios de Hong Kong, Nanjing y Wuhan: Un estudio cualitativo multisitio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2665-427X/ijeph.2.10409Palabras clave:
COVID-19, trabajadores, estudio cualitativo, evaluación del riesgo, riesgo, percepción del riesgo, seguridad en el trabajoResumen
Introducción: Comprender la percepción del riesgo que condiciona conductas de protección de la salud es fundamental para la prevención.
Objetivo: Clasificar el patrón del riesgo de exposición de los trabajadores al SRAS-CoV-2 y su asociación con la percepción del riesgo entre los trabajadores no sanitarios.
Métodos: Estudio cualitativo multisitio. Realizamos entrevistas en profundidad y minigrupos de discusión con empleados, personal directivo y autoempleados de Hong Kong (n=87), Nanjing (n=60) y Wuhan (n=60) -junio 2020-marzo 2021-. Los audios se transcribieron y clasificaron por temas con enfoque de la teoría fundamentada.
Resultados: Se identificaron siete tipos de patrón de exposición (Tipo A-G) al riesgo potencial. Las percepciones de riesgo disminuyeron entre trabajadores de tipo A que trabajaban en oficina y sin contacto con clientes y aumentaron entre trabajadores preocupados por características asintomáticas del SAR-CoV-2, contacto diario con multitudes, comportamientos antihigiénicos de clientes y uso de transporte público para ir al trabajo. La sensación de seguridad por aplicación y cumplimiento de medidas de seguridad y la confianza en el gobierno fue más frecuente en Nanjing y Wuhan.
Conclusiones: Se hallaron variaciones en las percepciones del riesgo, influidas por factores como pautas de trabajo y medidas de seguridad. Fueron comunes la confianza en el gobierno y la preocupación por los contactos internacionales. Se requieren intervenciones específicas, apoyo a la salud mental y políticas integradoras para abordar las disparidades en salud laboral y promover la seguridad en el lugar de trabajo.
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