Subasta de vidas y humanitarismo estratégico: la Unión Europea y la crisis de refugiados desde una óptica crítica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.6672Palabras clave:
Refugiados, Unión Europea, estudios críticos/poscoloniales, realismoResumen
Este artículo tiene como propósito analizar las consecuencias de la crisis de refugiados que experimentó la Unión Europea en el 2015. A través de un marco teórico denominado «realismo crítico», se pudo establecer que la crisis de refugiados en Europa no fue abordada con base en los principios humanitarios que inspiran los fundamentos de la Unión, sino más bien a través de diversas medidas soberanistas que tienen como fin poner freno a la entrada de más refugiados; la crisis también puso en evidencia la relativa fragilidad institucional de esa institución, reflejada en su incapacidad para crear un sistema centralizado dirigido a distribuir proporcionalmente la población refugiada a lo largo de Europa. Sin embargo, la Unión Europea sí cumplió con una función básica: a través de diversas medidas sustentadas en los intereses individuales de “seguridad”, detuvo la entrada y de hecho rechazó a centenares de miles de refugiados que esperaban entrar a Europa. El presente trabajo sostendrá que esas medidas son producto de cierto atavismo identitario (racista), así como una estrategia de diversos actores que instrumentalizaron la crisis para avanzar en sus agendas políticas.
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