Behavioral Economics
Orígenes, metodología y herramientas de trabajo
Palabras clave:
Teoría de la elección racional, Behavioral Economics, metodología económicaResumen
El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos (i) El principal se dirige a proponer una delimitación teórica y metodológica del enfoque del Behavioral Economics. Sobre este particular, en el trabajo se demuestra que tal delimitación supone una permanente tensión con las hipótesis de comportamiento derivables del enfoque tradicional de elección racional. (ii) El objetivo secundario del trabajo se concentra en la propuesta metodológica presentada, y para ello, se describen un par de casos prácticos con el fin de explicar y someter a prueba tal propuesta; además los casos permitirán perfilar algunas herramientas de trabajo propias del enfoque del Behavioral Economics
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Referencias
1. ASHRAF, Nava; CAMERER, Colin F. y LOEWENSTEIN, George. Adam Smith, Behavioral Economist. En: Journal of Economic Perspectives. Verano, 2005. vol. 19, no. 3. p. 131–145.
2. BAINBRIDGE, Stephen. Mandatory Disclosure: A Behavioral Analysis. En: University of Cincinnati Law Review. Verano, 2000. vol. 68. p. 1023-1060.
3. BAKER, Lynn y EMERY, Robert. When Every Relationship Is above Average: Perceptions and Expectations of Divorce at the Time of Marriage. En: Law and Human Behavior. Agosto, 1993. vol. 17, no. 4. p. 439-450.
4. BERNOULLI, Daniel. Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk. En: Econometrica. Enero, 1954. vol. 22, no. 1. p. 23-36.
5. BUCKLE, Henry. History of civilization in England. New York: Appleton, 1864. Vol. II.
6. CAMERER, Colin. Behavioral economics: Reunifying psychology and economics. En: Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences - PNAS. Septiembre, 1999. vol. 961, no. 19. p. 10575- 10577.
7. CAMERER, Colin F., HO, Teck-Hua y CHONG, Juin-Kuan. A Cognitive Hierarchy Model of Games. En: The Quarterly Journal of Economics. Agosto, 2004. vol. 119, no. 3. p. 861-898.
8. CAMERER, Colin y LOEWENSTEIN, George. Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, Future. En: Advances in Behavioral Economics. New York: Princeton University Press, 2004. p. 3-51.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mobile Device Use While Driving — United States and seven European Countries, 2011. En: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Marzo, 2013. vol. 62, no. 10. p. 177-182.
10. DAWES, Robyn y THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Cooperation. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Verano, 1988. vol. 2, no. 3. p. 187-197.
11. DEERY, Hamis. Hazard and Risk Perception among Young Novice Drivers. En: Journal of Safety Research. Invierno, 1999. vol. 30, no. 4. p. 225–236.
12. ELSTER, Jon. Cuando fracasa la racionalidad. En: Juicios salomónicos: Las limitaciones de la racionalidad como principio de decisión. Traducido por Carlos Gardini. Barcelona: Gedisa, 1991. p. 11-39.
13. ENGEL, Christoph y GIGERENZER, Gerd. Law and heuristics: An interdisciplinary venture. En: Working Paper (MIT Press), 2006. p. 1-16.
14. EUROSTAT. Marriage and divorce statistics. [online] 3 de Junio de 2013. Available from World Wide Web: http://epp.eurostat. ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Marriage_and_ divorce_statistics#Fewer_marriages.2C_more_divorces [cited 11 Sep., 2013]
15. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION. Consumer Guide: The Dangers of Texting While Driving. [online] 16 de Enero de 2013. Available from World Wide Web: http:// transition.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/drivingandtexting.pdf. [cited 20 Sep., 2013]
16. FESTINGER, Leon. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1957.
17. FRANK, Robert H. Microeconomía y Conducta. Traducido por Esther Rabasco y Luis Toharia. Madrid: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
18. GIGERENZER, Gerd y GOLDSTEIN, Daniel. Reasoning the fast and frugal way: Models of bounded rationality. En: Psychological Review. Octubre, 1996. vol. 103, no. 4. p. 650-669.
19. GIGERENZER, Gerd y TODD, Peter. Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart.. En: Unedited draft 1999.1-21.
20. HOCH, Stephen y LOEWENSTEIN, George F. Time-Inconsistent Preferences and Consumer Self-Control. En: Journal of Consumer Research (The University of Chicago Press). Marzo, 1991. vol. 17, no. 4. p. 492-507.
21. HURSH, Steven. Behavioral economics of drug selfadministration and drug abuse policy. En: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Septiembre, 1991. vol. 56, no. 2. p. 377–393.
22. HUTCHINSON, John y GIGERENZER, Gerd. Simple heuristics and rules of thumb: where psychologists and behavioural biologists might meet. En: Behavioural processes. 2005. vol. 69, no. 2. p. 97-124.
23. KAHNEMAN, Daniel. Mapas de racionalidad limitada: Psicología para una economía conductual. En: Revista asturiana de economía. 2003. no. 23. p. 181-225.
24. KAHNEMAN, Daniel. Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Traducido por Joaquín Chamorro. Ebook. Barcelona: Debate, 2012.
25. KAHNEMAN, Daniel, KNETSCH, Jack L. y THALER, Richard H. Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives. Invierno, 1991. vol. 5, no. 1. p. 193-206.
26. KAHNEMAN, Daniel; KNETSCH, Jack L. y THALER, Richard H. Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem. En: The Journal of Political Economy. Diciembre, 1990. vol. 98, no. 6. p. 1325-1348.
27. KAHNEMAN, Daniel y TVERSKY, Amos. Teoría prospectiva: Un análisis de la decisión bajo riesgo. En: Estudios de Psicología: Infancia y Aprendizaje. 1987. no. 30. p. 95-134.
28. KAHNEMAN, Daniel y FREDERICK, Shane. A model of heuristic judgment. En: HOLYOAK, Keith y MORRISON, Robert. The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. p. 267-293.
29. KAHNEMAN, Daniel y FREDERICK, Shane. Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. En: Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 49-81.
30. KOROBKIN, Russell. The Problems with Heuristics for Law. En: Law & Econ Research Paper No. 4-1. Febrero, 2004. p. 1-18.
31. KYSAR, Douglas. Are Heuristics a Problem or a Solution? En: Group Report. Septiembre, 2004. p. 1-26.
32. LOEWENSTEIN, George y THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Intertemporal Choice. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Otoño, 1989. vol. 3, no. 4. p. 181-193.
33. MAHAR, Heather. Why Are There So Few Prenuptial Agreements? En: John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business - Discussion Paper No. 436. Septiembre, 2003. p. 1-38.
34. MCCORMICK, Iain; WALKEY, Frank y GREEN, Dianne. Comparative perceptions of driver ability— A confirmation and expansion. En: Accident Analysis & Prevention. Junio, 1986. vol. 18, no. 3. p. 205-208.
35. MULLAINATHAN, Sendhil y THALER, Richard. Behavioral Economics.. En Working Paper MIT, nº 00-27. Septiembre, 2000. p. 1-13.
36. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS. National Marriage and Divorce Rate Trends. [online] 19 de Febrero de 2013 Available from World Wide Web. http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/nvss/marriage_divorce_tables.htm [cited 11 Sep., 2013].
37. NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION. Blueprint for Ending Distracted Driving. [online] Junio de 2012. Available from World Wide Web http://www.distraction.gov/ download/campaign-materials/8747-811629-060712-v5-Opt1- Web-tag.pdf [cited 1 Sep., 2013].
38. NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION. Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations. [online] Septiembre de 2009. Available from World Wide Web http:// www.distraction.gov/research/PDF-Files/Driver-Distraction- Commercial-Vehicle-Operations.pdf [cited 1 Sep., 2013].
39. OJEDA, Norma y GONZÁLEZ, Eduardo. Divorcio y separación conyugal en México en los albores del siglo XXI. En: Revista mexicana de sociología. Enero-Marzo, 2008. vol. 70, no. 1. p. 11-145.
40. RAPHAEL, David D. y MACFIE, Alec L. Introduction. En: SMITH, Adam, editado por RAPHAEL, David D. y MACFIE, Alec L. Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence Vol. 1 The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1982. p. 1-46.
41. REYNOLDS, Robert. Search Heuristics of Chess Players of Different Calibers. En: The American Journal of Psychology. Otoño, 1982. vol. 95, no. 3. p. 383-392.
42. SCHELLING, Thomas. The Intimate Contest for Self-Command. En: The Public Interest. 1980. vol. 60. p. 94-118.
43. SCHWARTZ, Hugh. A Introduction to Behavioral Economics: The Complicating but Sometimes Critical Considerations. En: Draft paper, 2007. p. 1-52.
44. SIMON, Herbert. A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice. En: The Quarterly Journal of Economics (The MIT Press). Febrero, 1955. vol. 69, no. 1. p. 99-118.
45. SIMON, Herbert. Rational choice and the structure of the environment. En: Psychological Review. Marzo, 1956. vol. 63, no. 2. p. 129-138.
46. SIMON, Herbert. Trial and error search in solving difficult problems: Evidence from the game of chess. En: Behavioral Science. 1962. vol. 7, no. 4. p. 425-429.
47. SIMON, Herbert. What is an “explanation” of behavior? En: Psychological Science. Mayo, 1992. vol. 3, no. 3. p. 150-161.
48. SIMON, Herbert, y otros. Decision Making and Problem Solving. En: Interfaces. Octubre, 1987. vol. 17, no. 5. p. 11-31.
49. SIMON, Herbert y CHASE, William. Perception in chess. En: Cognitive Psychology. Enero, 1973. vol. 4, no. 1. p. 55-81.
50. SLOMAN, Steven y LAGNADO, David. The Problem of Induction. En: HOLYOAK, Keith y MORRISON, Robert. The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. p. 95-116.
51. STROTZ, Robert. Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization. En: The Review of Economic Studies. 1956. vol. 23, no. 3. p. 1956.
52. SVENSON, Ola. Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers? En: Acta Psychologica. Febrero, 1981. vol. 47, no. 2. p. 143–148.
53. TEICHGRAEBER, Richard. Rethinking Das Adam Smith Problem. En: Journal of British Studies (Cambridge University Press). Primavera, 1981. vol. 20, no. 2. p. 106-123.
54. THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Saving, Fungibility, and Mental Accounts. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Invierno, 1990. vol. 4, no. 1. p. 193- 205.
55. THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Seasonal Movements in Security Prices II: Weekend, Holiday, Turn of the Month, and Intraday Effects. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Otoño, 1987a. vol. 1, no. 2. p. 169-177.
56. THALER, Richard. Anomalies: The January Effect. En: Journal of Economic Perspectives. Verano, 1987b. vol. 1, no. 1. p. 197-201.
57. THALER, Richard H. y SUNSTEIN, Cass R. Un pequeño empujón (Nudge). México D.F.: Taurus, 2009.
58. THALER, Richard. Mortgages Made Simpler. En: The New York Times, Julio, 2009. BU4.
59. THALER, Richard. The Psychology of choice an the assumptions of economics. En: Quasi rational economics. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1994. p. 137-166.
60. THALER, Richard. The Ultimatum Game. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Otoño, 1988. vol. 2, no. 4. p. 195-206.
61. THALER, Richard. Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. En: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Marzo, 1980. vol. I, no. 1. p. 39-60.
62. THALER, Richard; SUNSTEIN, Cass y BALZ, John. Choice architecture. En: Working Paper, Abril, 2010. p 1-17.
63. THALER, Richard y SHEFRIN, H. An Economic Theory of Self- Control. En: Journal of Political Economy. Abril, 1981. vol. 89, no. 2. p. 392-406.
64. TISON, J, N Chaudhary y COSGROVE, L. National phone survey on distracted driving attitudes and behaviors. [online] Diciembre de 2011. Available from World Wide Web. http://www.distraction.gov/download/research-pdf/8396_ DistractedDrivingSurvey-120611-v3.pdf [cited 11 Sep., 2013].
65. TOMER, John. What is behavioral economics? En: The Journal of Socio-Economics. Junio, 2007. vol. 36, no. 3. p. 463–479.
66. TVERSKY, Amos y KAHNEMAN, Daniel. Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. En: Cognitive Psychology. Septiembre, 1973. vol. 5, no. 2. p. 207–232.
67. TVERSKY, Amos y KAHNEMAN, Daniel. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. En: Science, New Series. Septiembre, 1974. vol. 185, no. 4157.
68. TVERSKY, Amos y THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Preference Reversals. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Primavera, 1990. vol. 4, no. 2. p. 201- 211.
69. VIRGINIA TECH TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE. New data from Virginia Tech Transportation Institute provides insight into cell phone use and driving distraction. [online] Julio de 2009. Available from World Wide Web. http://www.vtnews.vt.edu/ articles/2009/07/2009-571.html [cited 1 Nov., 2013].
70. WEINSTEIN, Neil. Unrealistic optimism about future life events. En: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Noviembre, 1980. vol. 39, no. 5. p. 806-820.
71. WERHANE, P.H. Adam Smith’s Legacy for Ethics and Economics. En: Review of Business and Economics. 2006. vol. LI, no. 2. p. 199-212.
72. WHITE, Melanie; CUNNINGHAM, Lauren y TITCHENER, Kirsteen. Young drivers’ optimism bias for accident risk and driving skill: accountability and insight experience manipulations. En: Working Paper (Accident Analysis and Prevention), 2011. p. 1-27.
73. WILMS, Todd. It Is Time For A ‘Parental Control, No Texting While Driving’ Phone. En: Forbes Business. Septiembre, 2012.
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2. BAINBRIDGE, Stephen. Mandatory Disclosure: A Behavioral Analysis. En: University of Cincinnati Law Review. Verano, 2000. vol. 68. p. 1023-1060.
3. BAKER, Lynn y EMERY, Robert. When Every Relationship Is above Average: Perceptions and Expectations of Divorce at the Time of Marriage. En: Law and Human Behavior. Agosto, 1993. vol. 17, no. 4. p. 439-450.
4. BERNOULLI, Daniel. Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk. En: Econometrica. Enero, 1954. vol. 22, no. 1. p. 23-36.
5. BUCKLE, Henry. History of civilization in England. New York: Appleton, 1864. Vol. II.
6. CAMERER, Colin. Behavioral economics: Reunifying psychology and economics. En: Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences - PNAS. Septiembre, 1999. vol. 961, no. 19. p. 10575- 10577.
7. CAMERER, Colin F., HO, Teck-Hua y CHONG, Juin-Kuan. A Cognitive Hierarchy Model of Games. En: The Quarterly Journal of Economics. Agosto, 2004. vol. 119, no. 3. p. 861-898.
8. CAMERER, Colin y LOEWENSTEIN, George. Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, Future. En: Advances in Behavioral Economics. New York: Princeton University Press, 2004. p. 3-51.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mobile Device Use While Driving — United States and seven European Countries, 2011. En: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Marzo, 2013. vol. 62, no. 10. p. 177-182.
10. DAWES, Robyn y THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Cooperation. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Verano, 1988. vol. 2, no. 3. p. 187-197.
11. DEERY, Hamis. Hazard and Risk Perception among Young Novice Drivers. En: Journal of Safety Research. Invierno, 1999. vol. 30, no. 4. p. 225–236.
12. ELSTER, Jon. Cuando fracasa la racionalidad. En: Juicios salomónicos: Las limitaciones de la racionalidad como principio de decisión. Traducido por Carlos Gardini. Barcelona: Gedisa, 1991. p. 11-39.
13. ENGEL, Christoph y GIGERENZER, Gerd. Law and heuristics: An interdisciplinary venture. En: Working Paper (MIT Press), 2006. p. 1-16.
14. EUROSTAT. Marriage and divorce statistics. [online] 3 de Junio de 2013. Available from World Wide Web: http://epp.eurostat. ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Marriage_and_ divorce_statistics#Fewer_marriages.2C_more_divorces [cited 11 Sep., 2013]
15. FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION. Consumer Guide: The Dangers of Texting While Driving. [online] 16 de Enero de 2013. Available from World Wide Web: http:// transition.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/drivingandtexting.pdf. [cited 20 Sep., 2013]
16. FESTINGER, Leon. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1957.
17. FRANK, Robert H. Microeconomía y Conducta. Traducido por Esther Rabasco y Luis Toharia. Madrid: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
18. GIGERENZER, Gerd y GOLDSTEIN, Daniel. Reasoning the fast and frugal way: Models of bounded rationality. En: Psychological Review. Octubre, 1996. vol. 103, no. 4. p. 650-669.
19. GIGERENZER, Gerd y TODD, Peter. Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart.. En: Unedited draft 1999.1-21.
20. HOCH, Stephen y LOEWENSTEIN, George F. Time-Inconsistent Preferences and Consumer Self-Control. En: Journal of Consumer Research (The University of Chicago Press). Marzo, 1991. vol. 17, no. 4. p. 492-507.
21. HURSH, Steven. Behavioral economics of drug selfadministration and drug abuse policy. En: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Septiembre, 1991. vol. 56, no. 2. p. 377–393.
22. HUTCHINSON, John y GIGERENZER, Gerd. Simple heuristics and rules of thumb: where psychologists and behavioural biologists might meet. En: Behavioural processes. 2005. vol. 69, no. 2. p. 97-124.
23. KAHNEMAN, Daniel. Mapas de racionalidad limitada: Psicología para una economía conductual. En: Revista asturiana de economía. 2003. no. 23. p. 181-225.
24. KAHNEMAN, Daniel. Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Traducido por Joaquín Chamorro. Ebook. Barcelona: Debate, 2012.
25. KAHNEMAN, Daniel, KNETSCH, Jack L. y THALER, Richard H. Anomalies: The Endowment Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives. Invierno, 1991. vol. 5, no. 1. p. 193-206.
26. KAHNEMAN, Daniel; KNETSCH, Jack L. y THALER, Richard H. Experimental Tests of the Endowment Effect and the Coase Theorem. En: The Journal of Political Economy. Diciembre, 1990. vol. 98, no. 6. p. 1325-1348.
27. KAHNEMAN, Daniel y TVERSKY, Amos. Teoría prospectiva: Un análisis de la decisión bajo riesgo. En: Estudios de Psicología: Infancia y Aprendizaje. 1987. no. 30. p. 95-134.
28. KAHNEMAN, Daniel y FREDERICK, Shane. A model of heuristic judgment. En: HOLYOAK, Keith y MORRISON, Robert. The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. p. 267-293.
29. KAHNEMAN, Daniel y FREDERICK, Shane. Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. En: Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 49-81.
30. KOROBKIN, Russell. The Problems with Heuristics for Law. En: Law & Econ Research Paper No. 4-1. Febrero, 2004. p. 1-18.
31. KYSAR, Douglas. Are Heuristics a Problem or a Solution? En: Group Report. Septiembre, 2004. p. 1-26.
32. LOEWENSTEIN, George y THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Intertemporal Choice. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Otoño, 1989. vol. 3, no. 4. p. 181-193.
33. MAHAR, Heather. Why Are There So Few Prenuptial Agreements? En: John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business - Discussion Paper No. 436. Septiembre, 2003. p. 1-38.
34. MCCORMICK, Iain; WALKEY, Frank y GREEN, Dianne. Comparative perceptions of driver ability— A confirmation and expansion. En: Accident Analysis & Prevention. Junio, 1986. vol. 18, no. 3. p. 205-208.
35. MULLAINATHAN, Sendhil y THALER, Richard. Behavioral Economics.. En Working Paper MIT, nº 00-27. Septiembre, 2000. p. 1-13.
36. NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS. National Marriage and Divorce Rate Trends. [online] 19 de Febrero de 2013 Available from World Wide Web. http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/nvss/marriage_divorce_tables.htm [cited 11 Sep., 2013].
37. NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION. Blueprint for Ending Distracted Driving. [online] Junio de 2012. Available from World Wide Web http://www.distraction.gov/ download/campaign-materials/8747-811629-060712-v5-Opt1- Web-tag.pdf [cited 1 Sep., 2013].
38. NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION. Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations. [online] Septiembre de 2009. Available from World Wide Web http:// www.distraction.gov/research/PDF-Files/Driver-Distraction- Commercial-Vehicle-Operations.pdf [cited 1 Sep., 2013].
39. OJEDA, Norma y GONZÁLEZ, Eduardo. Divorcio y separación conyugal en México en los albores del siglo XXI. En: Revista mexicana de sociología. Enero-Marzo, 2008. vol. 70, no. 1. p. 11-145.
40. RAPHAEL, David D. y MACFIE, Alec L. Introduction. En: SMITH, Adam, editado por RAPHAEL, David D. y MACFIE, Alec L. Glasgow Edition of the Works and Correspondence Vol. 1 The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1982. p. 1-46.
41. REYNOLDS, Robert. Search Heuristics of Chess Players of Different Calibers. En: The American Journal of Psychology. Otoño, 1982. vol. 95, no. 3. p. 383-392.
42. SCHELLING, Thomas. The Intimate Contest for Self-Command. En: The Public Interest. 1980. vol. 60. p. 94-118.
43. SCHWARTZ, Hugh. A Introduction to Behavioral Economics: The Complicating but Sometimes Critical Considerations. En: Draft paper, 2007. p. 1-52.
44. SIMON, Herbert. A Behavioral Model of Rational Choice. En: The Quarterly Journal of Economics (The MIT Press). Febrero, 1955. vol. 69, no. 1. p. 99-118.
45. SIMON, Herbert. Rational choice and the structure of the environment. En: Psychological Review. Marzo, 1956. vol. 63, no. 2. p. 129-138.
46. SIMON, Herbert. Trial and error search in solving difficult problems: Evidence from the game of chess. En: Behavioral Science. 1962. vol. 7, no. 4. p. 425-429.
47. SIMON, Herbert. What is an “explanation” of behavior? En: Psychological Science. Mayo, 1992. vol. 3, no. 3. p. 150-161.
48. SIMON, Herbert, y otros. Decision Making and Problem Solving. En: Interfaces. Octubre, 1987. vol. 17, no. 5. p. 11-31.
49. SIMON, Herbert y CHASE, William. Perception in chess. En: Cognitive Psychology. Enero, 1973. vol. 4, no. 1. p. 55-81.
50. SLOMAN, Steven y LAGNADO, David. The Problem of Induction. En: HOLYOAK, Keith y MORRISON, Robert. The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. p. 95-116.
51. STROTZ, Robert. Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization. En: The Review of Economic Studies. 1956. vol. 23, no. 3. p. 1956.
52. SVENSON, Ola. Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers? En: Acta Psychologica. Febrero, 1981. vol. 47, no. 2. p. 143–148.
53. TEICHGRAEBER, Richard. Rethinking Das Adam Smith Problem. En: Journal of British Studies (Cambridge University Press). Primavera, 1981. vol. 20, no. 2. p. 106-123.
54. THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Saving, Fungibility, and Mental Accounts. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Invierno, 1990. vol. 4, no. 1. p. 193- 205.
55. THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Seasonal Movements in Security Prices II: Weekend, Holiday, Turn of the Month, and Intraday Effects. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Otoño, 1987a. vol. 1, no. 2. p. 169-177.
56. THALER, Richard. Anomalies: The January Effect. En: Journal of Economic Perspectives. Verano, 1987b. vol. 1, no. 1. p. 197-201.
57. THALER, Richard H. y SUNSTEIN, Cass R. Un pequeño empujón (Nudge). México D.F.: Taurus, 2009.
58. THALER, Richard. Mortgages Made Simpler. En: The New York Times, Julio, 2009. BU4.
59. THALER, Richard. The Psychology of choice an the assumptions of economics. En: Quasi rational economics. New York: Russel Sage Foundation, 1994. p. 137-166.
60. THALER, Richard. The Ultimatum Game. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Otoño, 1988. vol. 2, no. 4. p. 195-206.
61. THALER, Richard. Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. En: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. Marzo, 1980. vol. I, no. 1. p. 39-60.
62. THALER, Richard; SUNSTEIN, Cass y BALZ, John. Choice architecture. En: Working Paper, Abril, 2010. p 1-17.
63. THALER, Richard y SHEFRIN, H. An Economic Theory of Self- Control. En: Journal of Political Economy. Abril, 1981. vol. 89, no. 2. p. 392-406.
64. TISON, J, N Chaudhary y COSGROVE, L. National phone survey on distracted driving attitudes and behaviors. [online] Diciembre de 2011. Available from World Wide Web. http://www.distraction.gov/download/research-pdf/8396_ DistractedDrivingSurvey-120611-v3.pdf [cited 11 Sep., 2013].
65. TOMER, John. What is behavioral economics? En: The Journal of Socio-Economics. Junio, 2007. vol. 36, no. 3. p. 463–479.
66. TVERSKY, Amos y KAHNEMAN, Daniel. Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. En: Cognitive Psychology. Septiembre, 1973. vol. 5, no. 2. p. 207–232.
67. TVERSKY, Amos y KAHNEMAN, Daniel. Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. En: Science, New Series. Septiembre, 1974. vol. 185, no. 4157.
68. TVERSKY, Amos y THALER, Richard. Anomalies: Preference Reversals. En: The Journal of Economic Perspectives (American Economic Association). Primavera, 1990. vol. 4, no. 2. p. 201- 211.
69. VIRGINIA TECH TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE. New data from Virginia Tech Transportation Institute provides insight into cell phone use and driving distraction. [online] Julio de 2009. Available from World Wide Web. http://www.vtnews.vt.edu/ articles/2009/07/2009-571.html [cited 1 Nov., 2013].
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2017-06-30
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Behavioral Economics: Orígenes, metodología y herramientas de trabajo. (2017). Entramado, 10(2), 184-206. https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/entramado/article/view/3504
