Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis: clinical and therapeutic aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2665-427X/ijeph.1.10718Keywords:
Endovascular procedures, vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, thrombectomy, thrombolytic therapy, mechanical thrombolysisAbstract
Introduction: venous thromboembolism encompasses deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; It represents the third most important vascular disease, causing high potentially preventable morbidity and mortality. Treatment focuses on early anticoagulation to prevent complications, but that does not always restore venous patency. In this scenario, thrombolysis is an option, especially in patients with significant hemodynamic compromise or with involvement of high-risk anatomical segments; However, those who are not candidates to receive thrombolytics pose a greater challenge.
Objective: to present the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics, emphasizing the endovascular options available, describing their techniques and indications, highlighting their benefits and safety to treat patients with venous thromboembolism.
Methods: narrative review based on the bibliographic search in the PubMed and Scielo databases.
Conclusion: This review highlights endovascular management techniques for venous thromboembolism compared to classic thrombolytic therapy, especially in patients with high risk of bleeding; as well as in those who are contraindicated with systemic thrombolytics such as new oral anticoagulants due to hemodynamic compromise. Among the options available for endovascular therapy are catheter-directed thrombolysis and cutaneous embolectomy, which have lower rates of recurrence and complications after their application, highlighting that the choice must be individualized for each patient.
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