Transesterificación supercrítica de aceite vegetal y etanol: efecto de la temperatura y tiempo de residencia en la formación de fases y el contenido de agua
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.9807Palabras clave:
Biodiesel de un solo recipiente, Descomposición térmica del biodiesel, Esterificación del glicerol, Proceso libre de catalizadorResumen
La transesterificación supercrítica se ha propuesto como una alternativa para la producción de biodiesel ya que no requiere catalizador, de esta manera se generan menos residuos. En esta investigación, la transesterificación supercrítica de aceite vegetal refinado y etanol acuoso se llevó a cabo a temperaturas en el rango 400 a 480 °C y relación molar etanol a aceite de 12:1, para evaluar el efecto de la temperatura y el tiempo de residencia en la formación de una fase homogénea, apariencia del efluente e incremento del contenido de agua resultado de las reacciones de eterificación del glicerol. Los resultados mostraron que se produjo agua a temperaturas mayores a 400°C, atribuida a la eterificación del glicerol, y que tiempos de residencia prolongados resultaron en formación de gas y hollín, indicativo de reacciones de descomposición de esteres. A través de balances de masa, fue posible identificar el conjunto de condiciones de operación a las cuales el agua formada por la eterificación del glicerol coincide con el valor máximo esperado de acuerdo con el esquema de reacción propuesto.
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