CEO Duality and Firm Value: Evidence from Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.6435Keywords:
Corporate governance, CEO duality, firm value, agency theory, stewardship theoryAbstract
Regulators and corporate governance activists are lobbying companies to eliminate the CEO duality; however, the effectiveness of this recommendation is questioned given that empirical evidence has found conflicting results. This document studied the effects of the CEO’s duality on the value of the company in a sample of 104 Mexican companies that were publicly traded between 2000 and 2013. For this, different regression models were estimated using the ordinary least squares technique. The firm value was measured through Tobin’s Q and ROA. Empirical results showed that there is no relationship between CEO duality and value after controlling for board characteristics such as size and independence.
Downloads
References
ADAMS, Renée; HEITOR, Almeida; FERREIRA, Daniel. Powerful CEOs and their impact on corporate performance. In: The Review of Financial Studies. 2005. vol. 18, no. 4, p. 1403-1432. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhi030
AGUILERA, Ruth; Jackson, GREGORY. Comparative and international corporate governance. In: The academy of management annals. 2010. vol. 4, no. 1, p. 485-556. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2010.495525
AMARAL-BAPTISTA, Marcio; CABÚS, Marcelo; CAMPELO, Maria. CEO duality and firm performance in Brazil: Evidence from 2008. In: Revista pensamento contemporâneo em administração. 2011. vol. 5, no. 1, p. 24-37. https://doi.org/10.12712/rpca.v5i1.18
AMBA, Sekhar. Does CEO duality enhance firms business performance? Empirical evidence from Bahrain. In: International journal of business and social science. 2013. vol. 4, no. 6, p. 88-91.
ANDERSON, Ronald; MANSI, Sattar; REEB, David. Founding family ownership and the agency cost of debt. In: Journal of financial economics. 2003. vol. 68, no. 2, p. 263-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(03)00067-9
ANDERSON, Ronald; REEB, David. Board composition: Balancing family influence in S&P 500 firms. In: Administrative science quarterly. 2004. vol. 49, no. 2, p. 209-237. https://doi.org/10.2307/4131472
BHAGAT, Sanai; BLACK, Bernard. The non-correlation between board independence and long-term firm performance. In: Journal of corporate law. 2002. vol. 27, p. 231-273. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.133808
BOUBAKRI, Narjess; GUEDHAMI, Omrane; SAFFAR, Walid. Geographic location, foreign ownership, and cost of equity capital: Evidence from privatization. In: Journal of corporate finance. 2016. vol. 38, p. 363-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.02.004
BRAUN, Michael; SHARMA, Anurag. Should the CEO also be chair of the board? An empirical examination of family‐controlled public firms. In: Family business review. 2007. vol. 20, no. 2, p. 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00090.x
CAVACO, Sandra; CHALLE, Edouard; CRIFO, Patricia; REBÉRIOUX, Antoine; ROUDAUT, Gwenaël. Board independence and operating performance: Analysis on (French) company and individual data. In: Applied economics. 2016. vol. 48, no. 52, p. 5093-5105. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1170936
CHEN, Chia-Wei; LIN, Barry; YI, Bingsheng. CEO duality and firm performance: An endogenous issue. In: Corporate ownership and control. 2008. vol. 6, no.1, p. 58-65. https://doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i1p6
CHONG, Alberto; LOPEZ-DE-SILANES, Florêncio. Corporate governance and firm value in Mexico. In: Inter-american development bank. Research department working paper series (Inter-american development bank). 2006. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1820043
CHRISTENSEN, Jacqueline; KENT, Pamela; STEWART, Jenny. Corporate governance and company performance in Australia. In: Australian accounting review. 2010. vol. 20, no. 4, p. 372-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.2010.00108.x
CLAESSENS, Stijn; YURTOGLU, Burcin. Corporate governance in emerging markets: A survey. In: Emerging markets review. 2013. vol. 15, p. 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2012.03.002
COLES, Jeffrey; NAVEEN, Daniel; NAVEEN, Lalitha. Boards: Does one size fit all?. In: Journal of financial economics. 2008. vol. 87, no. 2, p. 329-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.08.008
CORBETTA, Guido; SALVATO, Carlo. Self‐serving or self‐actualizing? Models of man and agency costs in different types of family firms: A commentary on “Comparing the agency costs of family and non‐family firms: Conceptual issues and exploratory evidence”. In: Entrepreneurship theory and practice. 2004. vol. 28, no. 4, p. 355-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00050.x
DAHYA, Jay; GARCIA, Laura; VAN BOMMEL, Jos. One man two hats: Whats all the commotion!. Financial review. 2009. vol. 44, no. 2, p. 179-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2009.00215.x
DAILY, Catherine; DALTON, Dan. Board of directors leadership and structure: Control and performance implications. In: Entrepreneurship: Theory and practice. 1993. vol. 17, no. 3, p. 65-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879301700305
DALTON, Dan; DAILY, Catherine; ELLSTRAND, Alan; JOHNSON, Jonathan. Board composition, leadership structure, and financial performance: Meta-analytic reviews and research agenda. In: Strategic management journal. 1998. vol. 19, no. 3. p. 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199803)19:3269::aid-smj9503.0.co;2-k
DAVIS, James; SCHOORMAN, David; DONALDSON, Lex. Toward a stewardship theory of management. In: Academy of management review. 1997. vol.22, no. 1, p. 20-47. https://doi.org/10.2307/259223
DECHOW, Patricia; SLOAN, Richard; SWEENEY, Amy. Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. In: Contemporary accounting research. 1996. vol. 13, no. 1, p. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.1996.tb00489.x
DEY, Aiyesha; ENGEL, Ellen; LIU, Xiaohui. CEO and board chair roles: To split or not to split?. In: Journal of corporate finance. 2011. vol. 17, no. 5, p. 1595-1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.09.001
DOGAN, Mesut; ELITAS, Bilge; AGCA, Veysel; ÖGEL, Serdar. The impact of CEO duality on firm performance: Evidence from Turkey. In: International journal of business and social science. 2013. vol. 4, no. 2, p. 149-155.
DONALDSON, Lex; DAVIS, James. Stewardship theory or agency theory: CEO governance and shareholder returns. In: Australian journal of management. 1991. vol. 16, no. 1, p. 49-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289629101600103
ELSAYED, Khaled. Does CEO duality really affect corporate performance?. In: Corporate governance: An international review. 2007. vol. 15, no. 6, p. 1203-1214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2007.00641.x
FALEYE, Olubunmi. Does one hat fit all? The case of corporate leadership structure. In: Journal of management & governance. 2007. vol. 11, no. 3, p. 239-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-007-9028-3
FAMA, Eugene. Agency problems and the theory of the firm. In: The journal of political economy. 1980. vol. 88, no. 2, p. 288-307. https://doi.org/10.1086/260866
FAMA, Eugene; JENSEN, Michael. Separation of ownership and control. In: The journal of law & economics. 1983. vol. 26, no. 2, p. 301-325. https://doi.org/10.1086/467037
HANIFFA, Roszaini; HUDAIB, Mohammad. Corporate governance structure and performance of Malaysian listed companies. In: Journal of business finance & accounting. 2006. vol. 33, no. 7‐8, p. 1034-1062. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.2006.00594.x
HINNA, Alessandro; MONTEDURO, Fabio. Boards, governance and value creation in grant-giving foundations. In: Journal of management & governance. 2017. vol. 21, no. 4, p. 935-961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-016-9370-4
HUSTED, Bryan; SERRANO, Carlos. Corporate governance in Mexico. In: Journal of business ethics. 2002. vol. 37, no. 3, p. 337-348. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015201417632
JARA, Mauricio; LÓPEZ-ITURRIAGA, Félix; SAN-MARTÍN, Pablo; SAONA, Paolo. Corporate governance in Latin American firms: Contestability of control and firm value. In: Business research quarterly. 2019. vol. 22, no. 4, p. 257-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2018.10.005
JENSEN, Michael; MECKLING, William. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. In: Journal of financial economics. 1976. vol. 3, no. 4, p. 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405x(76)90026-x
JENSEN, Michael. The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. In: The journal of finance. 1993. vol. 48, no. 3, p. 831-880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04022.x
JERMIAS, Johnny; GANI, Lindawati. The impact of board capital and board characteristics on firm performance. In: The british accounting review. 2014. vol. 46, no. 2, p. 135-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2013.12.001
KLAPPER, Leora; LOVE, Inessa. Corporate governance, investor protection, and performance in emerging markets. In: Journal of corporate finance. 2004. vol. 10, no. 5, p. 703-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1199(03)00046-4
KRIVOGORSKY, Victoria. Ownership, board structure, and performance in continental Europe. In: The international journal of accounting. 2006. vol. 41, no. 2, p. 176-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2006.04.002
LAM, Tin; LEE, Shu. CEO duality and firm performance: Evidence from Hong Kong. In: Corporate governance: The international journal of business in society. 2008. vol. 18, no. 2, p. 299-316. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700810879187
MACHUGA, Susan; TEITEL, Karen. The effects of the Mexican corporate governance code on quality of earnings and its components. In: Journal of international accounting research. 2007. vol. 6, no. 1, p. 37-55. https://doi.org/10.2308/jiar.2007.6.1.37
MEYER, Klaus. Asian management research needs more self-confidence. In: Asia pacific journal of management. 2006. vol. 23, n. 2, p. 119-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-006-7160-2
ORGANIZACIÓN PARA LA COOPERACIÓN Y EL DESARROLLO ECONÓMICOS. Corporate governance factbook. Paris: OCDE, 2017. p. 144.
PENG, Mike; ZHANG, Shujun; LI, Xinchun. CEO duality and firm performance during chinas institutional transitions. In: Management and organization review. 2007. vol. 3, no. 2, p. 205-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2007.00069.x
LA PORTA, Rafael; LOPEZ-DE-SILANES, Florencio; SHLEIFER, Andrei; VISHNY, Robert. Agency problems and dividend policies around the world. In: The journal of finance. 2000. vol. 55, no. 1, p. 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00199
LA PORTA, Rafael; LOPEZ-DE-SILANES, Florencio; SHLEIFER, Andrei; VISHNY, Robert. Investor protection and corporate governance. In: Journal of financial economics. 2000. vol. 58, no.1, p. 3-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(00)00065-9
PRICE, Richard, ROMÁN, Francisco; ROUNTREE, Brian. The impact of governance reform on performance and transparency. In: Journal of financial economics. 2011. vol. 99, no. 1, p. 76-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.08.005
PUCHETA-MARTINEZ, María. The role of the board of directors in the creation of value for the company. In: Spanish accounting review. 2015. vol. 18, no. 2, p. 148-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2014.05.004
RALUCA-GEORGIANA, Moscu. Does CEO duality really affect corporate performance?. In: International journal of academic research in economics and management sciences. 2013. vol. 2, no. 1, p. 156-166.
RECHNER, Paula; DALTON, Dan. CEO duality and organizational performance: A longitudinal analysis. In: Strategic management journal. 1991. vol. 12, no. 2, p. 155-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250120206
SCHILLEMANS, Thomas. Moving beyond the clash of interests: On stewardship theory and the relationships between central government departments and public agencies. In: Public management review. 2013. vol. 15, no. 4, p. 541-562. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.691008
TANG, Jianyun. CEO duality and firm performance: The moderating roles of other executives and blockholding outside directors. In: European management journal. 2017. vol. 35, no. 3, p. 362-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2016.05.003
TUGGLE, Christopher; SIRMON, David; REUTZEL, Christopher; BIERMAN, Leonard. Commanding board of director attention: Investigating how organizational performance and CEO duality affect board members attention to monitoring. In: Strategic management journal. 2010. vol. 31, no. 9, p. 946-968. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.847
VERA, Antonio; UGEDO, Juan. ¿Afectan las características del consejo de administración a su labor supervisora? Nueva evidencia para el mercado español. In: Revista europea de dirección y economía de la empresa. 2005. vol. 14, no. 2, p. 55-74.
YANG, Tina; ZHAO, Shan. CEO duality and firm performance: Evidence from an exogenous shock to the competitive environment. In: Journal of banking & finance. 2014. vol. 49, p. 534-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.04.008
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Entramado

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.