Entrepreneurship and institutions: a quantitative study for the period 2005-2010
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-0642/criteriolibre.2017v15n27.1732Keywords:
data panel, economic institutionalism, entrepreneurship, institutionsAbstract
The aim of this article is to analyze the influence that institutions have had on entrepreneurial activity. This study was carried out for 34 countries in the period 2005-2010. It is based on the institutionalist theory, more specifically the approaches of North (1993), who affirms that there are institutions that are understood as the rules of the game that shape our interaction as individuals, building incentives for economic exchange. The work methodology is quantitative and the fixed-effect data panel model was used to analyze the data. The results show that there is a strong link between institutions and entrepreneurial activity, although it is paradoxical that better access laws to credit go in the opposite way to the TEA.
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References
Aidis, R.; Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2008). Institutions and entrepreneurship development in Russia: a comparative perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 656-672.
Ahlstrom, D.; Bruton, G., & Yeh, K. (2007). Venture capital in China: past, present, and future. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(3), 247.
Álvarez, J. (1992). The international diffusion and industrialization of the new entrepreneurship movement: A study in the sociology of organizational knowledge. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(3), 583-1583.
Álvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2009). Instituciones y actividad emprendedora: un análisis cuantitativo. Trabajo de investigación. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Disponible en: http://idem.uab.es/treballs%20recerca/ Claudia%20Alvarez.pdf
Álvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2011). Una década de investigaciones basadas en el GEM: logros y retos. En: Academia, Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 46: 16-37.
Álvarez, C.; Urbano, D.; Corduras, A., & RuizNavarro, J. (2011). Environmental conditions and entrepreneurial activity: a regional comparison in Spain. Journal of Small Business, 18(1), 120-14.
Anokhin, S., & Schulze, W. (2008). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 465-476.
Aponte, M. (2002). Factores condicionantes de la creación de empresas en Puerto Rico: un enfoque institucional. Tesis doctoral. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona. España.
Arboleda, M. (2011). El emprendimiento: una respuesta al desempleo en Colombia. Revista Gestión & Desarrollo, 8(1), 197-208.
Arenius, P., & De Clercq, D. (2005). A networkbased approach on opportunity recognition. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 249-265.
Arenius, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2006). Similarities and differences across the factors associated with women’s self-employment preference in the nordic countries. International Small Business Journal, 24(1), 31-59.
Arenius, P., & Minniti, M. (2005). Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 233-247.
Ayala, J. (2003). Instituciones para mejorar el desarrollo: Un nuevo pacto social para el crecimiento y el bienestar. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Baughn, C.; Chua, B., & Neupert, K. (2006). The Normative Context for Women’s Participation in Entrepreneruship: A Multicountry Study. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 30(5), 687-708.
Begley, T.; Tan W-L., & Schoch, H. (2005). Politiceconomic factors associated with interest in starting a business: a multi-country study. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 29(1), 35-55.
Bergmann, H., & Sternberg, R. (2007). The changing face of entrepreneurship in Germany. Small Business Economics, (28) 205-221.
Beugelsdijk, S. (2007). Entrepreneurial culture, regional innovativeness and economic growth. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 17(2), 187-210.
Braunerhjelm, P. (2010) Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth: past experiences, current knowledge and policy implications. En: Working Paper, 2010:02. Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum. Disponible en:http://entreprenorskapsforum.se/wp-content/ uploads/2013/03/WP_02.pdf
Bruton, G.; Ahlstrom, D., & Singh, K. (2002). The impact of the institutional environment on the venture capital industry in Singapore. Venture Capital, 4(3), 197-218.
Bruton, G.; Fried, V., & Manigart, S. (2005). Institutional influences on the worldwide expansion of venture capital. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(6), 737-760.
Busenitz, L.; Gómez, C., & Spencer, J. (2000). Country institutional profiles: Unlocking entrepreneurial phenomena. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 994-1003.
Camargo, D., y Ortiz, C. (2012). ¿Qué apoyos reciben las mujeres empresarias en Colombia? Entorno institucional. En: Ortiz, C. et al., Las mujeres empresarias en Colombia: Características de su carrera empresarial. Bogotá: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada.
Chen, I., & Lin, F. (2006). Regional development and sources of superior performance across textile and IT sectors in Taiwan. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 18(3), 227.
De Clercq, D., & Arenius, P. (2006). The Role of Knowledge in Business Start-up Activity. International Small Business Journal, 24(4), 339-358.
Demsetz, H. (1997). La Economía de la empresa. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Díaz, J. (2003). La creación de empresas en Extremadura. Un análisis institucional. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Extremadura.
España. Disponible en: http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=1282
Dimitratos, P.; Lioukas, S., & Carter, S. (2004). The relationship between entrepreneurship and international performance: The importance of domestic environment. International Business Review, 13, 19-41.
Dyer, G. (1993). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19 (2), 7-21.
Eid, F. (2006). Private equity finance as a growth engine: What it means for emerging markets. Business Economics, 41(3), 7–22.
García-García, V. (2015). Emprendimiento Empresarial Juvenil: una evaluación con jóvenes estudiantes de universidad. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 13 (2), 1221-1236.
García-Gutiérrez, C.; Lejarriaga, G.; Bel, P.; Fernández, J., & Martín, S. (2008). El emprendimiento y el empleo a través de la empresa individual: contraste de fuentes estadísticas. REVESCO, 96, 16-48.
GEM (n.d.) GEM. Recuperado el 14 de febrero de 2013, de: http://www.gemconsortium. org/key-indicators
Gómez, J.; Mira, I., & Martínez, J. (2007) Condicionantes de la actividad emprendedora e instituciones de apoyo desde el ámbito local: el caso de la provincia de Alicante. Revista de Empresa, 20, 20-31.
Gómez, L.; Veciana, J., & Urbano, D. (2004). Medidas de apoyo a la creación de empresas en el Caribe colombiano. Análisis de la oferta y la demanda de servicios. En: Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad del Norte, 12 (002): 372-395.
Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Econometría. México, D.F.: McGraw-Hill.
Hessels, J.; van Gelderen, M., & Thurik, R. (2008). Entrepreneurial aspirations, motivations, and their drivers. Small Business Economics, 31(3),
323-339.
Ho, Y., & Wong, P. (2007). Financing, regulatory costs and entrepreneurial propensity. Small Business Economics, (28) 187-204.
Honig, B., & Karlsson, T. (2004). Institutional forces and the written business plan. Journal of Management 30(1).
Koellinger, P., & Minniti, M. (2006). Not for lack of trying: american entrepreneurship in black and white. Small Business Economics, 27(1), 59-79.
Langowitz, N., & Minniti, M. (2007).The entrepreneurial propensity of women. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 31(3), 341-364.
Levie, J., & Autio, E. (2008). A theoretical grounding and test of the GEM model. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 235-263.
Lewin, A.; Long, C., & Carroll, T. (1999). The coevolution of new organizational forms. Organization Science, 10(5), 535-550.
Manolova, T.; Rangamohan, V.; Eunni, R., & Gyoshev, B. (2008). Institutional environments for entrepreneurship: evidence from emerging economies in Eastern Europe. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 203-218.
Mathews, J. A., & Zander, I. (2007). The international entrepreneurial dynamics of accelerated internationalisation. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(3), 387.
McMullen, J.; Bagby, D., & Palich, L. (2008). Economic freedom and the motivation to engage in entrepreneurial action. Entrepreneurship: Theory&Practice, 32(5), 875-895.
Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (2014). Emprendimiento y generación de empleo. Tercera Encuesta de Microemprendimiento 2013. Unidad de Estudios, Ministerio de Economía, Gobierno de Chile. Disponible en: http://www.economia.gob.cl/wpcontent/uploads/2014/03/Bolet%C3%ADnEmprendimiento-y-Generaci%C3%B3n-de-Empleo-EME-3.pdf
Minniti, M. (2012). El emprendimiento y el crecimiento económico de las naciones. En: Economía industrial, Nº 383. Dedicado a: Mujer y desafío emprendedor en España. Disponible en: http:// www. minetur.gob.es/Publicaciones/Publicacionesperiodicas/EconomiaIndustrial/RevistaEconomiaIndustrial/383/Mar%C3%ADa%20Minnit.pdf
Minniti, M., & Nardone, C. (2007). Being in Someone Else’s Shoes: the Role of Gender in Nascent Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, (28), 223-238.
Mueller, S., & Thomas, A. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1), 51-75.
Naudé, W. (2013) Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy. IZA Discussion Paper No. 7507. Disponible en: http://ftp.iza.org/dp7507.pdf
North, D. (1993) Instituciones, cambio institucional y desempeño económico. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Ramírez, M. (2013). Instituciones informales y actividad emprendedora. Una aproximación metodológica desde D. North. Revista Ciencias Estratégicas, 21(29), 15-30.
Ravasi, D., & Marchisio, G. (2003). Going public and the enrichment of a supportive network. Small Business Economics, 21(4), 381-395.
Roper, S., & Scott, J. (2009). Perceived financial barriers and the start-up decision: an econometric analysis of gender differences using GEM data. International Small Business Journal, 27(2), 149-171.
Scheela, W., & Van Hoa, T. T. (2004). Women entrepreneurs in a transition economy: the case of Vietnam. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 5(1), 1-20.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In: Kent, C.; Sexton, D., & Vesper, K. (Eds). Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 72-90.
Spencer, J., & Gómez, C. (2004). The relationship among national institutional structures, economic factors, and domestic entrepreneurial activity: A multicountry study. Journal of Business Research,
57(10), 1098-1107.
Stephen, F.; Urbano, D., & van Hemmen, S. (2005). The impact of institutions on entrepreneurial activity. Managerial & Decision Economics, 26(7), 413-419.
Stephen, F.; Urbano, D., & van Hemmen, S. (2009). The responsiveness of entrepreneurs to working time regulations. Small Business Economics, 32(3), 259-276.
Szyliowicz, D., & Galvin, T. (2010). Applying broader strokes: Extending institutional perspectives and agendas for international entrepreneurship research. International Business Review, 19: 317-332.
Szyliowicz, D.; Kennedy, K. H., & Nelson, T. (2004). Shaping of strategic behavior: How macro-environmental effects pattern the countrylevel participation of non- US firms in US equity markets. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 16(2), 223-240.
Thomas, A., & Mueller, S. (2000). A case for comparative entrepreneurship: assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of International Business Studies, 31, 287-301.
Urbano, C., & Veciana, J. (2001). Marco institucional formal de la creación de empresas en Catalunya: oferta y demanda de servicios de apoyo. Documents de treball. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona.
Urbano, D.; Díaz, J., & Hernández, R. (2007). Evolución y principios de la Teoría Económica Institucional. Una propuesta de aplicación para el análisis de los factores condicionantes de la Creación de Empresas. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 13 (2).
Van Stel, A.; Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2005). The effect of entrepreneurial activity on national economic growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311-321.
Van Stel, A.; Storey, D. J., & Thurik, R. (2007). The effect of business regulations on nascent and young business entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, (28), 171-186.
Verheul, I.; van Stel, A., & Thurik, R. (2006). Explaining female and male entrepreneurship at the country level. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18(2), 151-183.
Wagner, J. (2007). What a difference a Y makesfemale and male nascent entrepreneurs in Germany. Small Business Economics, 28(1), 1-21.Welter, F.; Kauonen, T.; Chepurenko, A.; Malieva, E., & Venesaar, U. (2004). Trust environments and entrepreneurial behaviour—exploratory evidence from Estonia, Germany, and Russia. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 12.
Wennekers, S.; van Wennekers, A.; Thurik, R., & Reynolds, P. (2005). Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 293-309.
Wooldridge, J. (2006). Introducción a la econometría. Madrid: Thompson.
Xavier, S.; Kelly, D.; Kew, J.; Herrington, M., & Vorderwülbecke, A. (2013). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012: Global Report. Disponible en: http://www.gemconsortium. org/docs/download/2645
Yeung, H. (2002). Entrepreneurship in international business: an institutional perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(1), 29-61.
Yu, T. (2000). Hong Kong’s entrepreneurship: Behaviors and determinants. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 12(3), 179-194.
Zacharakis, A.; McMullen, J., & Shepherd, D. (2007). Venture capitalists’ decision policies across three countries: An institutional theory perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(5), 691-708.
Ahlstrom, D.; Bruton, G., & Yeh, K. (2007). Venture capital in China: past, present, and future. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(3), 247.
Álvarez, J. (1992). The international diffusion and industrialization of the new entrepreneurship movement: A study in the sociology of organizational knowledge. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(3), 583-1583.
Álvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2009). Instituciones y actividad emprendedora: un análisis cuantitativo. Trabajo de investigación. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Disponible en: http://idem.uab.es/treballs%20recerca/ Claudia%20Alvarez.pdf
Álvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2011). Una década de investigaciones basadas en el GEM: logros y retos. En: Academia, Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 46: 16-37.
Álvarez, C.; Urbano, D.; Corduras, A., & RuizNavarro, J. (2011). Environmental conditions and entrepreneurial activity: a regional comparison in Spain. Journal of Small Business, 18(1), 120-14.
Anokhin, S., & Schulze, W. (2008). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 465-476.
Aponte, M. (2002). Factores condicionantes de la creación de empresas en Puerto Rico: un enfoque institucional. Tesis doctoral. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona. España.
Arboleda, M. (2011). El emprendimiento: una respuesta al desempleo en Colombia. Revista Gestión & Desarrollo, 8(1), 197-208.
Arenius, P., & De Clercq, D. (2005). A networkbased approach on opportunity recognition. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 249-265.
Arenius, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2006). Similarities and differences across the factors associated with women’s self-employment preference in the nordic countries. International Small Business Journal, 24(1), 31-59.
Arenius, P., & Minniti, M. (2005). Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 233-247.
Ayala, J. (2003). Instituciones para mejorar el desarrollo: Un nuevo pacto social para el crecimiento y el bienestar. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Baughn, C.; Chua, B., & Neupert, K. (2006). The Normative Context for Women’s Participation in Entrepreneruship: A Multicountry Study. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 30(5), 687-708.
Begley, T.; Tan W-L., & Schoch, H. (2005). Politiceconomic factors associated with interest in starting a business: a multi-country study. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 29(1), 35-55.
Bergmann, H., & Sternberg, R. (2007). The changing face of entrepreneurship in Germany. Small Business Economics, (28) 205-221.
Beugelsdijk, S. (2007). Entrepreneurial culture, regional innovativeness and economic growth. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 17(2), 187-210.
Braunerhjelm, P. (2010) Entrepreneurship, innovation and economic growth: past experiences, current knowledge and policy implications. En: Working Paper, 2010:02. Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum. Disponible en:http://entreprenorskapsforum.se/wp-content/ uploads/2013/03/WP_02.pdf
Bruton, G.; Ahlstrom, D., & Singh, K. (2002). The impact of the institutional environment on the venture capital industry in Singapore. Venture Capital, 4(3), 197-218.
Bruton, G.; Fried, V., & Manigart, S. (2005). Institutional influences on the worldwide expansion of venture capital. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(6), 737-760.
Busenitz, L.; Gómez, C., & Spencer, J. (2000). Country institutional profiles: Unlocking entrepreneurial phenomena. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 994-1003.
Camargo, D., y Ortiz, C. (2012). ¿Qué apoyos reciben las mujeres empresarias en Colombia? Entorno institucional. En: Ortiz, C. et al., Las mujeres empresarias en Colombia: Características de su carrera empresarial. Bogotá: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada.
Chen, I., & Lin, F. (2006). Regional development and sources of superior performance across textile and IT sectors in Taiwan. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 18(3), 227.
De Clercq, D., & Arenius, P. (2006). The Role of Knowledge in Business Start-up Activity. International Small Business Journal, 24(4), 339-358.
Demsetz, H. (1997). La Economía de la empresa. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Díaz, J. (2003). La creación de empresas en Extremadura. Un análisis institucional. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Extremadura.
España. Disponible en: http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/tesis?codigo=1282
Dimitratos, P.; Lioukas, S., & Carter, S. (2004). The relationship between entrepreneurship and international performance: The importance of domestic environment. International Business Review, 13, 19-41.
Dyer, G. (1993). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19 (2), 7-21.
Eid, F. (2006). Private equity finance as a growth engine: What it means for emerging markets. Business Economics, 41(3), 7–22.
García-García, V. (2015). Emprendimiento Empresarial Juvenil: una evaluación con jóvenes estudiantes de universidad. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 13 (2), 1221-1236.
García-Gutiérrez, C.; Lejarriaga, G.; Bel, P.; Fernández, J., & Martín, S. (2008). El emprendimiento y el empleo a través de la empresa individual: contraste de fuentes estadísticas. REVESCO, 96, 16-48.
GEM (n.d.) GEM. Recuperado el 14 de febrero de 2013, de: http://www.gemconsortium. org/key-indicators
Gómez, J.; Mira, I., & Martínez, J. (2007) Condicionantes de la actividad emprendedora e instituciones de apoyo desde el ámbito local: el caso de la provincia de Alicante. Revista de Empresa, 20, 20-31.
Gómez, L.; Veciana, J., & Urbano, D. (2004). Medidas de apoyo a la creación de empresas en el Caribe colombiano. Análisis de la oferta y la demanda de servicios. En: Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad del Norte, 12 (002): 372-395.
Gujarati, D., & Porter, D. (2009). Econometría. México, D.F.: McGraw-Hill.
Hessels, J.; van Gelderen, M., & Thurik, R. (2008). Entrepreneurial aspirations, motivations, and their drivers. Small Business Economics, 31(3),
323-339.
Ho, Y., & Wong, P. (2007). Financing, regulatory costs and entrepreneurial propensity. Small Business Economics, (28) 187-204.
Honig, B., & Karlsson, T. (2004). Institutional forces and the written business plan. Journal of Management 30(1).
Koellinger, P., & Minniti, M. (2006). Not for lack of trying: american entrepreneurship in black and white. Small Business Economics, 27(1), 59-79.
Langowitz, N., & Minniti, M. (2007).The entrepreneurial propensity of women. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 31(3), 341-364.
Levie, J., & Autio, E. (2008). A theoretical grounding and test of the GEM model. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 235-263.
Lewin, A.; Long, C., & Carroll, T. (1999). The coevolution of new organizational forms. Organization Science, 10(5), 535-550.
Manolova, T.; Rangamohan, V.; Eunni, R., & Gyoshev, B. (2008). Institutional environments for entrepreneurship: evidence from emerging economies in Eastern Europe. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(1), 203-218.
Mathews, J. A., & Zander, I. (2007). The international entrepreneurial dynamics of accelerated internationalisation. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(3), 387.
McMullen, J.; Bagby, D., & Palich, L. (2008). Economic freedom and the motivation to engage in entrepreneurial action. Entrepreneurship: Theory&Practice, 32(5), 875-895.
Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (2014). Emprendimiento y generación de empleo. Tercera Encuesta de Microemprendimiento 2013. Unidad de Estudios, Ministerio de Economía, Gobierno de Chile. Disponible en: http://www.economia.gob.cl/wpcontent/uploads/2014/03/Bolet%C3%ADnEmprendimiento-y-Generaci%C3%B3n-de-Empleo-EME-3.pdf
Minniti, M. (2012). El emprendimiento y el crecimiento económico de las naciones. En: Economía industrial, Nº 383. Dedicado a: Mujer y desafío emprendedor en España. Disponible en: http:// www. minetur.gob.es/Publicaciones/Publicacionesperiodicas/EconomiaIndustrial/RevistaEconomiaIndustrial/383/Mar%C3%ADa%20Minnit.pdf
Minniti, M., & Nardone, C. (2007). Being in Someone Else’s Shoes: the Role of Gender in Nascent Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, (28), 223-238.
Mueller, S., & Thomas, A. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(1), 51-75.
Naudé, W. (2013) Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy. IZA Discussion Paper No. 7507. Disponible en: http://ftp.iza.org/dp7507.pdf
North, D. (1993) Instituciones, cambio institucional y desempeño económico. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Ramírez, M. (2013). Instituciones informales y actividad emprendedora. Una aproximación metodológica desde D. North. Revista Ciencias Estratégicas, 21(29), 15-30.
Ravasi, D., & Marchisio, G. (2003). Going public and the enrichment of a supportive network. Small Business Economics, 21(4), 381-395.
Roper, S., & Scott, J. (2009). Perceived financial barriers and the start-up decision: an econometric analysis of gender differences using GEM data. International Small Business Journal, 27(2), 149-171.
Scheela, W., & Van Hoa, T. T. (2004). Women entrepreneurs in a transition economy: the case of Vietnam. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 5(1), 1-20.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In: Kent, C.; Sexton, D., & Vesper, K. (Eds). Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 72-90.
Spencer, J., & Gómez, C. (2004). The relationship among national institutional structures, economic factors, and domestic entrepreneurial activity: A multicountry study. Journal of Business Research,
57(10), 1098-1107.
Stephen, F.; Urbano, D., & van Hemmen, S. (2005). The impact of institutions on entrepreneurial activity. Managerial & Decision Economics, 26(7), 413-419.
Stephen, F.; Urbano, D., & van Hemmen, S. (2009). The responsiveness of entrepreneurs to working time regulations. Small Business Economics, 32(3), 259-276.
Szyliowicz, D., & Galvin, T. (2010). Applying broader strokes: Extending institutional perspectives and agendas for international entrepreneurship research. International Business Review, 19: 317-332.
Szyliowicz, D.; Kennedy, K. H., & Nelson, T. (2004). Shaping of strategic behavior: How macro-environmental effects pattern the countrylevel participation of non- US firms in US equity markets. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 16(2), 223-240.
Thomas, A., & Mueller, S. (2000). A case for comparative entrepreneurship: assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of International Business Studies, 31, 287-301.
Urbano, C., & Veciana, J. (2001). Marco institucional formal de la creación de empresas en Catalunya: oferta y demanda de servicios de apoyo. Documents de treball. Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona.
Urbano, D.; Díaz, J., & Hernández, R. (2007). Evolución y principios de la Teoría Económica Institucional. Una propuesta de aplicación para el análisis de los factores condicionantes de la Creación de Empresas. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 13 (2).
Van Stel, A.; Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2005). The effect of entrepreneurial activity on national economic growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311-321.
Van Stel, A.; Storey, D. J., & Thurik, R. (2007). The effect of business regulations on nascent and young business entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, (28), 171-186.
Verheul, I.; van Stel, A., & Thurik, R. (2006). Explaining female and male entrepreneurship at the country level. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18(2), 151-183.
Wagner, J. (2007). What a difference a Y makesfemale and male nascent entrepreneurs in Germany. Small Business Economics, 28(1), 1-21.Welter, F.; Kauonen, T.; Chepurenko, A.; Malieva, E., & Venesaar, U. (2004). Trust environments and entrepreneurial behaviour—exploratory evidence from Estonia, Germany, and Russia. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 12.
Wennekers, S.; van Wennekers, A.; Thurik, R., & Reynolds, P. (2005). Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 293-309.
Wooldridge, J. (2006). Introducción a la econometría. Madrid: Thompson.
Xavier, S.; Kelly, D.; Kew, J.; Herrington, M., & Vorderwülbecke, A. (2013). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012: Global Report. Disponible en: http://www.gemconsortium. org/docs/download/2645
Yeung, H. (2002). Entrepreneurship in international business: an institutional perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(1), 29-61.
Yu, T. (2000). Hong Kong’s entrepreneurship: Behaviors and determinants. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 12(3), 179-194.
Zacharakis, A.; McMullen, J., & Shepherd, D. (2007). Venture capitalists’ decision policies across three countries: An institutional theory perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(5), 691-708.
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2018-07-30
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Camargo Mayorga, D. A. (2018). Entrepreneurship and institutions: a quantitative study for the period 2005-2010. Criterio Libre, 15(27), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-0642/criteriolibre.2017v15n27.1732
