SARS-CoV-2 in pediatrics. History of a pandemic from China to Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2665-427X/ijeph.1.6203Keywords:
COVID 19, SARS-CoV-2, pediatrics, immunology., Clinical manifestations, COVID-19, SARS-Cov-2, pediatrics, immunology, childAbstract
Introduction: Coronavirus until 1930 were part of the viruses that only disturbed the animal niche. Severe acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a type of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19); In the last year it has become a concern for international public health due to the triggered pandemic, due to its high transmissibility and high mortality that it has caused.
Objective: describe SARS-COV-2 infection in pediatrics with special emphasis on virological, epidemiological aspects, transmission mechanism, clinical manifestations, and expectations of treatment in pediatric age.
Methods: A review of articles in Spanish and English was made, using valid terms, on the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Medline databases related to the disease. Articles with a publication period of no more than 5 years were considered.
Results: The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, isolation and possibilities of treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric age are described.
Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious, the pediatric population has mostly mild clinical manifestations. The importance of an appropriate approach in this population is to avoid spreading to other ages of greater morbidity and mortality and possible associated complications.
Downloads
References
Weiss SR. Forty years with coronaviruses. J Exp Med. 2020; 217(5): 2–5.
Mattar VS, Gonzalez TM. Zoonotic emergence of coronavirus: A potential public risk for Latin America. Rev MVZ Cordoba. 2018; 23(3): 6775–7. doi: 10.21897/rmvz.1408
Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr. 2020; 87(4): 281–286. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.
Lipsitch M, Phil D, Swerdlow DL, Finelli L. Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19 — Studies Needed. NEJM. 2020;17–9.
WHO. Alocución de apertura del Director General de la OMS en la rueda de prensa sobre la COVID-19 celebrada el 11 de marzo de 2020. 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/es/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
Don M, Park WB, Park SW, Choe PG, Bang JH, Song KH, et al. Middle east respiratory syndrome: What we learned from the 2015 outbreak in the republic of Korea. Korean J Intern Med. 2018;33(2):233–46.
Zunyou W, JM M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) outbreak in China. JAMA. 2020; 323(13):1239-1242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648.
Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F, Jiang Z, et al. Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2020; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32179660
Guan W-J, Ni Z-Y, Hu Y, Liang W-H, Ou C-Q, He J-X, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1708-1720. Doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
Cao Q, Chen YC, Chen CL, Chiu CH. SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: Transmission dynamics and clinical characteristics. J Formos Med Assoc. 2020;119(3):670–3.
Ong J, Tosoni A, Kim Y, Kissoon N, Murthy S. Coronavirus disease 2019 in critically ill children: a narrative review of the literature. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2020; doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000002376.
Ministerio de Salud y Protección social. CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19). Ministerio de salud de Colombia; 2020. Available from: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/publica/PET/Paginas/Covid-19_copia.aspx
Zimmerman P, Curtis N. Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19: an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020; 39(5): 355-368. Doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002660.
Shi Y, Wang Y, Shao C, Huang J, Gan J, Huang X, et al. COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses. Cell Death Differ [Internet]. 2020; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32205856
Prompetchara E, Ketloy C, Palaga T. Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic. Asian Pacific J allergy Immunol. 2020;38(1):1–9. Doi: 10.12932/ap-200220-0772.
Paraluppi V, Pintus MC, Fanos V, Marcialis MA. COVID-19 in newborns and in children : the state of the art. JPNIM. 2020; 9(1): e090138. doi: 10.7363/090138
Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H, Liu W, Liao X, Su Y, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel Coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020; ciaa344. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa344.
Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G, et al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Transl Pediatr. 2020;1(9):51–60. doi: 10.21037/tp.2020.02.06.
Wang S, Guo L, Chen L, Liu W, Cao Y, Zhang J, et al. A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; ciaa225. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa225.
Dong L, Tian J, He S, Zhu C, Wang J, Liu C, et al. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn. JAMA. 2020; 323(18): 1846-1848. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4621.
Chen ZM, Fu JF, Shu Q, Chen YH, Hua CZ, Li FB, et al. Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. World J Pediatr. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5
Gaythorpe K, Imai N, Cuomo-Dannenburg G, Baguelin M, Bhatia S, Boonyasiri A, et al. Symptom progression of COVID-19. Imperial College London (11-03-2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.25561/77344.
Ortiz GB, Campo TC, Arteaga A, Serrano TC, Cabrera D, Cornejo JW et al. Concenso complicaciones neurológicas por COVID-19 en niños Colombia. Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatria; Asociación Colombiana de Neurología Infantantil; 2020.
Darlenski R, Tsankov N. Covid-19 pandemic and the skin - What should dermatologists know? Clin Dermatol. 2020; Doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.03.012
Mazzotta F. TT. Acute acro-ischemia in the child at the time of Covid-19. Dermatologia Pediatr Bari. 2020; International Federation of Podiatrists. Available from: https://www.fip-ifp.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/acroischemia-ENG.pdf. Accessed May 10 2020.
WHO. Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescent temporaly related to COVID-19. World Health Organization. Citado: 25 de mayo del 2020. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-and-adolescents-with-covid-19.
Verdoni L, Mazza A, Gervasoni A, Martelli L, Ruggeri M, Ciuffreda M, et al. An outbreak of severe kawasaki-like disease at the italian epicentre of the SARS-COV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study. Lancet. 2020; Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31103-X.
Ministerio de Sanidad. Documento técnico manejo clínico de pacientes con enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus. España; 2020.
Available from: https://www.aeped.es/sites/default/files/protocolo_de_manejo_cla-nico_covid-19.pdf.pdf
Lippi G, Plebani M. Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta. 2020; 505: 190–1. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.004
Saavedra TCH. Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia. Infectio. 2020; 24(3 Suppl): 1–102.
Jin Y-H, Cai L, Cheng Z-S, Cheng H, Deng T, Fan YP, et al. A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia. Mil Med Res. 2020; 7(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6.
Dai W, Zhang H, Yu J, Xu H, Chen H, Luo S, et al. CT Imaging and Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2020; 71(2): 195-200. doi: 10.1177/0846537120913033
Xia W. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID‐19. Pediatric Pulmonol. 2020; 55(5): 1169-1174. Doi: 10.1002/ppul.24718
Asociación Eespañola de Pediatría. Documento de manejo clinico del paciente pediátrico con Sospecha o infeccion por SARS-COV2. Asociación Española Pediatría; 2020.
Shen K, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhao D, Jiang Y, Jin R, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World J Pediatr. 2020; doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7
Asociación Colombiana de Infectología-ACIN. recomendaciones para el manejo de infección por SARS CoV-2-COVID-19. Asociación Colombiana de Infectologia-ACIN. Citado: 25 de mayo del 2020. disponible en: http://acin.org/images/guias/coronavirus/Comunicado_10.pdf.
Calvo C, Garcia M, Carlos JC, Vasquez JL. Recomendaciones sobre el manejo de la infeccion por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-COV2- Grupo de trabajo de la asociación española de pediatria. An Pediatr. 2020; 92(4): 241.e1-241.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.02.001
Valentine SL, Nadkarni VM, Curley MAQ. Nonpulmonary treatments for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: Proceedings from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015;16(5):S73–85.
Clinical WHO, Who W. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. WHO; 2020. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330893
Sociedad Española de Neonatologia. Recomendaciones para el manejo del recién nacido en relación con la infeccion por SARS-CovV-2 (Version 5.0); 2020. https://www.aeped.es/sites/default/files/recomendaciones_seneo_sars-cov-2_version_5.0.pdf
Hellewell J, Abbott S, Gimma A, Bosse NI, Jarvis CI, Russell TW, et al. Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8: e488–96. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30074-7.
Ares J, Albañil MR, Muño ME, Garcia ML, Calvo C, De la flor J. Manejo del paciente pediatrico ante sospecha de infección por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-COV-2 en atención primaria. AEPap-SEIP/AEP-SEPEAP. Avalaible from: https://www.aeped.es/sites/default/files/documento_final_ap_26.04.20.pdf.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2020-05-14 (3)
- 2022-10-07 (2)
- 2020-06-03 (1)
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Universidad Libre
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
-
NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
