Teor de metais pesados em solos e tecidos de cacau no departamento de Magdalena, Colômbia: ênfase no cádmio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.6753Palavras-chave:
Grãos de cacau, Segurança alimentar, Metais pesados, Theobroma cacao L., Poluentes do soloResumo
O cacau (Theobroma cacao L.) é uma espécie originária dos trópicos úmidos. Mais de 70.000 km2 em todo o mundo são dedicados à sua cultura e aproximadamente 30% de sua produção global está concentrada nas regiões equatoriais da América Central e do Sul, Antilhas e Ásia tropical. A demanda por cacau está crescendo significativamente, mais a presença de cádmio (Cd) nas espécies é um problema potencial que limita sua comercialização. O presente estudo determinou o teor de Cd, Ni, Pb e Cr em duas regiões produtoras de cacau no norte da Colômbia. A folhagem (folha, feijão e casca) e o solo foram analisados. O teor médio de Ni, Pb e Cr no tecido vegetal não excedeu os límites máximos permitidos estabelecidos pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos (EPA). O conteúdo médio de Cd nos grãos foi de 0,51 mg kg-1 na região 1 e 0,66 mg kg-1 na região 2, que são considerados de risco por relatórios da União Europeia e restringem a exportação do produto. Esses resultados servem como referência para futuras pesquisas sobre cacau.
Downloads
Referências
Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). Public Health Statement for Cadmium. 2012. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=48&tid=15
AGUIRRE, Sonia Esperanza; PIRANEQUE, Nelson Virgilio; VÁSQUEZ, José Rafael. Relationship between the nutritional status of banana plants and black sigatoka severity in the Magdalena region of Colombia. In: Agronomía Colombiana. 2015. vol. 33, no. 3, p. 348-355. https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v33n3.51900
ALLOWAY, Brian. Heavy Metals in Soils, Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and their Bioavailability (3ra Ed.) United Kingdom 2013. 597 p.
ANDERSON, Jonathan Michael; INGRAM, Jhon. S. I. Tropical soil biological and fertility: a handbook of methods. Wallingford: CAB International, 2ed., 1993. 221p. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479700024832
ARÉVALO-GARDINI, Enrique; OBANDO-Cerpa, Meyier E.; ZÚÑIGA-CERNADES, Luis B.; ARÉVALO-HERNÁNDEZ, Cesar O.; BALIGAR, Viripax; HE, Zhenli. Metales pesados en suelos de plantaciones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en tres regiones del Perú. In: Ecología Aplicada. 2016. vol. 15, no. 2, p. 81-89. https://doi.org/10.21704/rea.v15i2.747
BRAVO, Daniel; BENAVIDES, Javier. The Use of a Two-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography (2D-ERT) as a Technique for Cadmium Determination in Cacao Crop Soils. In Applied sciences. 2020. vol.10, no. 12, 4149. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124149
CALLEGARIO-PEREIRA, Ana C.; DORMELAS-RODRIGUES, Ana C.; SOARES-Dos SANTOS, Fabiana; Do NASCIMENTO GUEDES, Jair; Do AMARAL-SOBRINHO, Nelson. Concentração de metais pesados em espécies arbóreas utilizadas para revegetação de área contaminada. In: Revista Ciência Agronômica. 2012. vol. 43 no. 4, p. 641-647. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902012000400004
CAUNII, Angela; NEGREA, Adina; PENTEA, Marius; SAMFIRA, Ionel., MOTOC, Marilena; BUTNARIU, Monica. Mobility of heavy metals from soil in the two species of the aromatic plants. In: Revista de Chimie. 2015. Vol. 66, no. 3, p. 382-386. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-5000
CAVIEDES RUBIO, Diego Iván; MUÑOZ CALDERÓN, Ramiro Adolfo; PERDOMO GUALTERO, Alexandra; RODRIGUEZ ACOSTA, Daniel; SANDOVAL ROJAS, Ivan Javier. Tratamientos para la remoción de metales pesados comúnmente presentes en aguas residuales industriales. Una revisión. In: Ingeniería y Región. 2015. vol. 13, no 1, p. 73-90. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5432290.pdf
CHANEY, Rufus. Food safety issues for mineral and organic fertilizers. In: Advances in Agronomy. 2012. vol. 117, p. 51-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394278-4.00002-7
CHÁVEZ, Eduardo; HE, Zhenli; STOFFELLA, Peter Joseph; MYLAVARAPU, Rao; Li, Yuncong; MOYANO, Byron; BALIGAR, Virupax. Concentration of cadmium in cacao beans and its relationship with soil cadmium in southern Ecuador. In: Science of the Total Environment. 2015. vol. 533, p. 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.106
CLEMENS, Stephan; AARTS, Mark G.; THOMINE, Sébastien; VERBRUGGEN, Nathalie. Plant science: the key to preventing slow cadmium poisoning. In: Trends Plant Sci. 2013. vol. 18, no. 2, p. 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2012.08.003
CUI, Liqiang; LI, Lianqing; ZHANG, Afeng; PAN, Genxing; BAO, Dandan; CHANG, Andrew. Biochar amendment greatly reduces rice Cd uptake in a contaminated paddy soil: a two-year field experiment. In: BioResources. 2011. vol. 6, no. 3, p. 2605-2618. https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_06_3_2605_Cui_LZPBC_Biochar_Amendment_Rice_Cd_Uptake/1023
FAO/OMS. Programa Conjunto de cacao y derivados. Normas Alimentarias Comité Del Codex Sobre Contaminantes de Los Alimentos Novena reunión Nueva Delhi, India. Anteproyecto De Niveles Máximos Para El Cadmio En El Chocolate y Productos. 2014. http://www.fao.org/tempref/codex/Meetings/CCCF/cccf9/cf09_06s.pdf
GARCÍA, Inés; DORRONSORO, Carlos. Contaminación por metales pesados. Retrieved on April 25 (2002). http://www.edafologia.net/conta/tema15/fact.htm
GONZÁLEZ, Águeda; LOBO, Carmen. Growth of four varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in soils contaminated with heavy metals and their effects on some physiological traits. In: American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2013. vol. 4, p. 1799-1810. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.49221
GRAMLICH, Anja; TANDY, Susan., GAUGGEL, Carlos; LÓPEZ, Marlon; PERLA, David; GONZALEZ, Victor; SCHULIN, Rainer. Soil cadmium uptake by cocoa in Honduras. In: Science of the Total Environment. 2018. vol. 612, p. 370–378. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.145
HUAMANÍ-YUPANQUI, Hugo Alfredo; HUAUYA-ROJAS, Miguel Ángel; MANSILLA-MINAYA, Luis Germán; FLORIDA-ROFNER, Nelino; NEIRA-TRUJILLO, Gilmer Milton. Presencia de metales pesados en cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) orgánico. In: Acta agronómica. 2012. vol. 61, no. 4, p. 339-344. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1699/169926831006.pdf
INTERNATIONAL COCOA ORGANIZATION - ICCO. Quarterly Bulletin of Cocoa Statistics, Vol. XLIV, No. 2, 2018. Cocoa year 2017/18. http://www.icco.org/about-cocoa/growing-cocoa.html
IGAC (Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi). Estudio General de Suelos y Zonificación de Tierras del Departamento del Magdalena. Bogotá. 2009. 496 p.
JACKSON, Marion LeRoy. Soil chemical analysis: Advanced course. UW-Madison Libraries Parallel Press. 2005. 930 p.
JIMÉNEZ, Claudia Stella. Estado legal mundial del cadmio en cacao (Theobroma cacao): fantasía o realidad. In: Producción+ Limpia. 2015. vol.10, no. 1, p. 89-104.
KONGOR, John Edem; HINNEH, Michael; VAN DE WALLE, David; AFOAKWA, Emmanuel Ohene; BOECKX, Pascal; DEWETTINCK, Koen. Factors influencing quality variation in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) bean flavour profile - A review, In: Food Research International. 2016. vol. 82, p. 44-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.01.012
LANZA, José Gregorio; CHURIÓN, Pedro Cesar; LIENDO, Nelson José; LÓPEZ, Víctor Hugo. Evaluación del contenido de metales pesados en cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) de santa bárbara del Zulia, Venezuela. En: Saber. 2016. vol. 28, no. 1, p. 106-115. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4277/427746276012.pdf
LARA-VIVEROS, Francisco Marcelo; VENTURA-MAZA, Alejandro; EHSAN, Muhammad, RODRÍGUEZ-ORTEGA, Alejandro; VARGAS-MONTER, Jorge; LANDERO-VALENZUELA, Nadia. Contenido de Cd y Pb en suelo y plantas de diferentes cultivos irrigados con aguas residuales en el Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, México. En: Revista internacional de contaminación ambiental. 2015. vol 31, no. 2, p. 127-132. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rica/v31n2/v31n2a2.pdf
LONDOÑO-FRANCO, Luis Fernando; LONDOÑO-MUÑOZ, Paula Tatiana; MUÑOZ-GARCÍA, Fabián Gerardo. Los riesgos de los metales pesados en la salud humana y animal. En: Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial. 2016. vol. 14, no. 2, p.145-153. https://doi.org/10.18684/BSAA(14)145-153
MARTÍNEZ, Genny; PALACIO, Carolina. Determinación de metales pesados cadmio y plomo en suelos y granos de cacao fresco y fermentado mediante espectroscopia de absorción atómica de llama. Tesis de Pregrado. Universidad Industrial de Santander. 2010. Facultad de Ciencias. Escuela de Química. Bucaramanga. http://noesis.uis.edu.co/bitstream/123456789/3703/1/136115.pdf
MIRANDA, Diego; CARRANZA, Carlos; ROJAS, Carlos Andrés; JEREZ, Carlos Martín; FISCHER, Gerhard ZURITA, Jorge. Acumulación de metales pesados en suelos y plantas de cuatro cultivos hortícolas, regados con agua del río Bogotá. En: Rev. Colomb. Cienc. Hortíc. 2008. vol. 2, no. 2, p. 180-191. https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2008v2i2.1186
MITE, Francisco; CARRILLO, Manuel; DURANGO, Wuellins. Avances del monitoreo de presencia de cadmio en almendras de cacao, suelos y aguas en Ecuador. In XII congreso Ecuatoriano de la Ciencia del suelo. 2010. vol. 1, pp. 1.21. http://www.secsuelo.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/6.-Francisco-Mite.-Cadmio.-INIAP.pdf
OLIVARES-RIEUMONT, Susana; GARCÍA-CÉSPEDES, Damarys; LIMA-CAZORLA, Lazaro; SABORIT-SÁNCHEZ, Israel; LLIZO-CASALS Axel, & PÉREZ-ALVAREZ, Pedro. Niveles de cadmio, plomo, cobre y zinc en hortalizas cultivadas en una zona altamente urbanizada de la ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. En: Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient. 2013. vol. 29, no. 4, p. 285-294. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/rica/v29n4/v29n4a6.pdf
PERNÍA, Beatriz; DE SOUSA, Andrea; REYES, Rosa; CASTRILLO, Marisol. Biomarcadores de contaminación por cadmio en las plantas. En: Interciencia. 2008. vol. 33, no. 2, p. 112-119. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/339/33933205.pdf
PIRANEQUE, Nelson.; AGUIRRE, Sonia., & REIS, Adriano. Green manure: Alternative to carbon sequestration in a Typic Ustipsamment under semiarid conditions. In: Spanish Journal of Soil Science. 2018. vol. 8, no. 3, p. 293-305. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330215222_Green_manure_Alternative_to_carbon_sequestration_in_a_typic_ustipsamment_under_semiarid_conditions
RAMÍREZ GIL, Joaquin Guillermo. Economic losses associated with cocoa pod rots caused by Phytophthora spp. and Moniliophthora roreri (Cif & Par) Evans et al., at Theobroma farm, Colombia. In: Revista de Protección Vegetal. 2016. vol 31, no. 1, p. 42-49. http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/rpv/v31n1/rpv06116.pdf
RAMTAHAL, Gideon; CHANG, Ivan; HAMID, Alisha; BEKELE, Isaac; BEKELE, Frances; MAHARAJ, Kamaldeo; HARRYNANAN, Lisa. The Effect of Liming on the Availability of Cadmium in Soils and Its Uptake in Cacao (Theobroma Cacao L.) In Trinidad & Tobago. In: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2018. Vol 49, no. 19, p. 2456-2464, https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2018.1510955
RAMTAHAL, Gideon; CHANG, Ivan; AHMAD, Nazeer; BEKELE, Isaac; BEKELE, Frances; MAHARAJ, Kamaldeo; WILSON, Lawrence; HARRYNANAN, Lisa. Prediction of Soil Cadmium Bioavailability to Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) using Single-Step Extraction Procedures. In: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2015. vol. 46, no. 20, p. 2585-2594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2015.1089262
ROBERTS, Terry. Cadmium and phosphorous fertilizers: the issues and the science. In: Procedia Engineering. 2014. vol. 83, p. 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.09.012
Salama, Ahmed. Health risk assessment of heavy metals content in cocoa and chocolate products sold in Saudi Arabia, Toxin Reviews. 2019. vol. 38, no. 4, p. 318-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/15569543.2018.1471090
SOLTI, Ádám; SÁRVÁRI, Éva; TÓTH, Brigitta: BASA, Brigitta; LÉVAI, Lászlo; FODOR, Ferenc. Cd affects the translocation of some metals either Fe-like or Ca-like way in poplar. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2011. vol. 49, no. 5, p. 494-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.011
U.S EPA. Method 3050B: Acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA. 1996. http://www.cornerstonelab.com/cornerstonewebsite2/SW-Methods/PDFS/3050b.pdf
WANG, Lin; CUI Xiangfen; CHENG, Hongguang, CHEN, Fei; WANG, Jiantong; ZAO, Xinyi; LIN, Chunye; PU, Chiao. A review of soil cadmium contamination in China including a health risk assessment. In: Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2015. vol. 22, p. 16441–16452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5273-1
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 Entramado
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
