Tecnologias emergentes para a extração de compostos de resíduos de cacau: uma revisão da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.1.12100Palavras-chave:
Cacau, Resíduos, Química verde, Valorização, Residuos, ExtraçãoResumo
A valorização dos resíduos de cacau é relevante por seu potencial de extração de compostos bioativos e pectinas de alto valor. Esta revisão se concentra em tecnologias de extração não convencionais aplicadas a resíduos de cacau (Theobroma cacao L.), como cascas de vagens e sementes. Foi aplicado o método analítico para revisões sistemáticas, que envolve a atribuição de escalas de valores aos documentos obtidos na pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Google Scholar, Scopus e ScienceDirect, selecionando 48 artigos dos 53.296 encontrados. A análise destaca a importância da inovação tecnológica para a obtenção de compostos valiosos, promovendo o gerenciamento responsável dos recursos naturais. Os métodos convencionais de extração apresentam desafios, como longos tempos de extração e o uso de solventes tóxicos. Por outro lado, os métodos não convencionais, como a extração assistida por ultrassom, a utilização de fluidos supercríticos, de micro-ondas, de enzimas e de líquidos pressurizados, oferecem vantagens como tempos reduzidos e o uso de solventes ecologicamente corretos. Conclui-se que a inovação tecnológica na extração de compostos de resíduos de cacau por meio de técnicas não convencionais representa uma oportunidade de transformar subprodutos em recursos valiosos, promovendo práticas mais sustentáveis no setor. Para o futuro, são necessários estudos experimentais nesse campo para otimizar a extração de compostos bioativos.
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