Fragilidad multidimensional en personas mayores en la comunidad: prevalencia, factores de riesgo y factores protectores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.13443Palabras clave:
Persona Mayor, Fragilidad, Factores de Riesgo, Factores Protectores, Comunidad, EnvejecimientoResumen
Introducción: La mayoría de los estudios sobre la fragilidad en personas mayores se han abordado desde una perspectiva fisiológica, aunque recientemente ha cobrado fuerza un enfoque de fragilidad multidimensional que integra dominios físicos, psicológicos y sociales. Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo y protectores asociados a fragilidad multidimensional y estimar su prevalencia desde una perspectiva multidimensional en personas mayores que viven en comunidad. Método: Estudio observacional analítico con 219 personas mayores de la comunidad; se aplicó la prueba de momios y el cálculo de riesgo. La fragilidad se midió mediante el Indicador de Fragilidad de Tilburg (IFT). Resultados: La prevalencia puntual de fragilidad fue de 49,8%; 54,2% en mujeres y 44,6% en hombres. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo: problemas de equilibrio, problemas de visión y audición, enfermedad crónica reciente, pluripatologías, polifarmacia, caídas recientes, antecedentes de abuso y maltrato, afecto deprimido, problemas de memoria; síntomas de ansiedad, bajos ingresos, enfermedad de la pareja y vivir solo. La actividad física regular; buena autopercepción del estilo de vida, capacidad de afrontamiento, satisfacción con la vida y apoyo social, actuaron como factores protectores. Conclusión: la fragilidad está asociada con factores fisiológicos, psicológicos y sociales y no exclusivamente con los físicos.
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