Factores de riesgo, consecuencias y métodos de afrontamiento del estrés grave ocupacional en profesionales de la salud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2322-634X/rcso.1.2025.11325Palabras clave:
Estrés ocupacional, factores de riesgo, afrontamiento, profesionales de la salud, estres graveResumen
Introducción: En la literatura se identifican variados conceptos relacionados con el estrés derivado del desempeño laboral que de alguna forma coinciden en el origen de factores ocupacionales en profesionales de la salud y las características particulares en cada individuo en el que consecuentemente se establecen diferentes niveles de estrés, entre los que se encuentra preocupantemente el estrés grave.
Objetivo: Describir los factores de riesgo, consecuencias y métodos de afrontamiento del estrés grave ocupacional en profesionales de la salud.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa, estructurada desde la pregunta PIO que tuvo estrategia de búsqueda de estudios originales en cuatro bases de datos electrónicas, con selección de palabras clave y combinación de conceptos con dos operadores boleanos. Para la gestión de los datos se utilizó la herramienta Rayyan, posteriormente se realizó extracción de la información en una matriz Excel previamente diseñada, que permitió describir los estudios y organización del contenido temático obtenido.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 74 estudios, cuyo proceso se representó en un diagrama de flujo, se mapeo la distribución por países y se caracterizaron los estudios en tres desenlaces correspondientes a los Factores de riesgo, consecuencias y métodos de afrontamiento del estrés grave ocupacional
Conclusiones: Se evidencia que los profesionales de la salud son una población de alto riesgo de estrés grave ocupacional, asociado a jornadas laborales sin descanso, rotaciones y turnos nocturnos, exposiciones a diversas situaciones que generan distintas consecuencias en su salud y son de riesgo laboral, por lo que es necesario reconocer tempranamente factores estresantes.
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