Investigación General sobre la Reparación a las Víctimas de Guerra en virtud del Derecho Internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/0121-3474/verbaiuris.48.9941Keywords:
Reparación de Víctimas de Guerra, Derecho Internacional como Fuente Legal de la Reparación.Abstract
Este trabajo pretende evaluar algunas discusiones teóricas sobre el estatus jurídico de la reparación a las víctimas de guerra en el derecho internacional y su fundamento jurídico en contextos de guerra. La primera indagación conduce a dos enfoques, una idea expansiva de la reparación y otra más restrictiva. Según el primero, la reparación se considera un derecho general de carácter consuetudinario, conferido directamente a los individuos como consecuencia de su carácter perentorio. Siguiendo el criterio restrictivo, la reparación es el resultado de la violación de algunos derechos u obligaciones internacionales, pero no de todas estas, ya que no existe un instrumento vinculante que plasme tal derecho en general, ni es posible identificar normas imperativas (ius cogens) universalmente aplicables. Además, los Estados siguen siendo los principales actores en la construcción de los fundamentos jurídicos internacionales de las reparaciones y los derechos de los individuos, y las reparaciones deberían considerarse más como obligaciones de los Estados que como derechos de los individuos en contextos de violaciones masivas. La segunda exploración arroja luz sobre el derecho internacional como fuente de reparación para las víctimas de la guerra. Tanto el derecho de los Derechos Humanos como el Derecho International Humanitario se aplican para determinar cuándo surge la obligación de reparar, pero hay que tener en cuenta las condiciones del contexto para saber qué derecho prevalece.
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