Resumen
Introducción: Diversas manifestaciones principalmente visuales y musculoesqueléticas se han asociado a la exposición frecuente a pantallas de diferentes dispositivos electrónicos. Dichas afectaciones configuran el síndrome de visión por computadora (SVC), el cual impacta a alrededor de 60 millones de personas a nivel mundial y afecta significativamente el desempeño de sus labores cotidianas.
Objetivo: Revisar la literatura científica de los factores asociados al desarrollo del síndrome de visión por computadora y las medidas encaminadas a su manejo o prevención.
Materiales y Métodos: Revisión temática, donde se recopiló literatura científica en Pubmed, LILACS y SciELO, en idiomas inglés y español de los últimos 20 años, haciendo uso de querys de búsqueda con términos DeCS y MeSH.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron 50 estudios de 125 indexados, los cuales cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, de los que se obtuvo información valiosa sobre síntomas, factores asociados, datos epidemiológicos tanto globales como locales, conocimiento actual, medidas preventivas y tratamiento.
Conclusión: Alto número de estudios dan cuenta de la elevada prevalencia de síntomas asociados al SVC entre los usuarios de dispositivos electrónicos. A su vez, se evidencia un gran déficit en conocimiento sobre el SVC, tanto en estudiantes como personal administrativo, lo cual podría llevar al desarrollo silencioso de la enfermedad. En Colombia, aún es insuficiente la investigación sobre este tópico. Con respecto, a las intervenciones preventivas se consideran esenciales para el mejoramiento de la sintomatología y así evitar que esta entidad se convierta en una problemática de salud pública.
Citas
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