Consequências neurobiológicas do abuso sexual na infância: revisão da literatura.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-3803/entramado.2.7808Palavras-chave:
Abuso sexual infantil, Neurobiologia, Consequências neurobiológicasResumo
Objetivo: Descrever as consequências neurobiológicas em crianças e adolescentes com história de abuso sexual infantil (ASI). Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura entre os anos de 2015 a 2020 em três bases de dados (Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo), utilizando as palavras-chave: abuso sexual infantil, neurobiologia e as palavras correspondentes em inglês. Foram coletadas informações sobre os tipos de alterações neurobiológicas (estruturais, funcionais, endócrinas, psicológicas, imunológicas e genéticas) em crianças e adolescentes com histórico de ASI. Foram excluídos os artigos cujo título ou resumo não contemplasse os tópicos desta revisão. Resultados: foram selecionados 99 estudos associados às consequências neurobiológicas da ASI, com as consequentes alterações estruturais, funcionais, endócrinas, imunológicas e genéticas que afetam um número significativo de vítimas. Conclusões: Diversos estudos encontraram relação entre a exposição à ASI e alterações neurobiológicas, evidenciando o impacto desse tipo de violência na saúde das vítimas, o que permite promover a necessidade de intervenções precoces e de tratamento adequado considerando suas múltiplas consequências , alguns irreversíveis.
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