The Grey Zones of Reparations for War Victims under International Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/0121-3474/verbaiuris.49.10483Palabras clave:
Reparación a las víctimas de conflictos armados, Estándar Internacional de Reparación.Resumen
Cada vez hay más consenso y acción en torno a la reparación de las víctimas de conflictos armados. En esta materia,
surge un estándar internacional de reparaciones (EIR) como una lista de medidas a seguir, ya sea como parte de las
obligaciones legales o de mejores prácticas. Aunque la norma encarna un mensaje redundante emitido en tratados
internacionales y el derecho consuetudinario internacional, es tanto un llamado a las partes en conflicto para que
cumplan con sus obligaciones hacia las víctimas como una invitación a emprender algunas acciones que aún no
alcanzan el nivel de normas generales vinculantes. Dado que el EIR puede suscitar expectativas que no pueden
cumplirse en todos los contextos, es importante saber qué se puede esperar y qué no. La respuesta a esta pregunta
proviene, en parte, de saber qué es obligatorio de lo que se presenta como estándar. Mediante el estudio de
instrumentos de derecho internacional aplicable a los conflictos armados y de la jurisprudencia de la Corte
Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, este trabajo identifica un núcleo de medidas obligatorias: la restitución, la
indemnización, la rehabilitación y la satisfacción, así como la investigación de las violaciones. A continuación,
considera dos zonas grises, en primer lugar, aquellas acciones expresadas en términos aspiracionales: la investigación
y el enjuiciamiento de las violaciones contra las mujeres desde un enfoque interseccional, el control del comercio de
armas de fuego para prevenir los crímenes de género, y la prohibición de amnistías y limitaciones estatutarias a la
justicia penal; en segundo lugar, algunos mecanismos considerados como formas de reparación pero que sirven para
fines distintos a reparar el daño, a saber, la asistencia a los desplazados internos, el esclarecimiento de la verdad, la no repetición y el enjuiciamiento penal
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