Materiales compuestos de fibras naturales y polímero reciclados: mezclas, pretratamientos, agentes de acople y propiedades mecánicas. - Una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1794-4953/avances.1.7579Palabras clave:
agente de acople, fibras naturales, materiales compuestos, polímeros reciclados, pretratamientoResumen
Esta revisión bibliográfica sobre los materiales compuestos fabricados a partir de polímeros reciclados y fibras naturales identifica algunas de las mezclas existentes y la influencia de variables como carga de fibra, pretratamiento, uso de agentes de acople y tamaño de fibra en las propiedades mecánicas resultantes de los compuestos. Así, la proporción de fibra más adecuada para que las propiedades mecánicas mejoren varía del 15 % al 40 % en peso; además, pretratamientos como NaOH y agentes de acople derivados del anhídrido maleico mejoran la unión interfacial entre la matriz y la fibra, que resulta en mejores propiedades mecánicas. Así mismo, propiedades como la resistencia a la tracción, módulo de tracción, resistencia a la flexión, módulo de flexión y resiliencia al impacto mejoraron con la adición de fibra hasta un 40 % en peso; mientras que la resistencia al impacto, tensión por deformación a la rotura y elongación siguieron la tendencia de no mejorar ante la adición de fibras. Entonces, tras comparar las propiedades mecánicas de diferentes mezclas de materiales compuestos, variables como pretratamiento, uso de agentes de acople, tamaño de fibra y proporciones de matriz-refuerzo influyen en los materiales compuestos resultantes; y tan solo con variar ligeramente una de ellas, la interacción interfacial puede cambiar radicalmente.
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