Herramientas de tamizaje de síntomas musculoesqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo: una revisión rápida de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2665-427X/ijeph.1.11397Palabras clave:
Tamizaje, Encuesta, Trabajador, Dolor musculoesquelético, Desorden OrtopédicoResumen
Antecedentes: Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo (TMERT) son un problema de salud pública y laboral, ya que aumentan los costos, el ausentismo y la pérdida de productividad. Identificar los factores de riesgo laborales para el desarrollo de TMERT a través de herramientas de detección es esencial para determinar y tratar preventivamente a los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio es sintetizar y evaluar las herramientas de detección disponibles para los TMERT en la población trabajadora.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica rápida y exhaustiva mediante una búsqueda estructurada. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: 1) herramientas de detección para trastornos musculoesqueléticos, 2) estudios que presentaran resultados analíticos como descripciones de proporciones, sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo, y 3) artículos centrados en la población trabajadora.
Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 4,584 artículos, con un recuento final de 8 artículos incluidos en la revisión. Las herramientas de detección identificadas abarcaron diversos aspectos, incluidos factores relacionados con el trabajo, elementos psicosociales y el entorno laboral. Este enfoque inclusivo permite predecir los TMERT en sitios musculoesqueléticos específicos, facilitando la categorización de los trabajadores según su riesgo de desarrollar TMERT y la necesidad de consulta médica respecto a sus síntomas.
Conclusión: El reconocimiento del impacto societal e industrial más amplio de los TMERT aumenta la importancia de avanzar en las metodologías de detección para abordar este problema de salud.
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