Te process of transitional justice uruguayo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/0121-3474/verbaiuris.32.35Keywords:
Transitional Justice, Rule of Law, Armed conflict, Reparation of Victims, Truth, Justice, Inter-American Court, Human Rights, International Criminal CourtAbstract
The issue of transitional justice is very broad because it seeks to compensate the victims and to answer many questions about truth and justice, with the added objective of combating impunity and restore the foundations for peaceful coexistence in society. JT processes, wandering between the actual policy and principles of justice, have to solve: How to respond to the most serious injustices maintaining a bias of justice in the reaction?
Transition patterns, but may be subject to the control of international human rights courts, cannot be standardized, because they vary and depend on the characteristics of a society and many variables that can determine that in similar situations can be adopted models opposite transition. There is no justice system as a model applicable transitional solution for all cases.
The type of transitional justice may vary over time, and it is closely related to the balance of power between the current and the former ruling elite. However, transitional justice is not just a local phenomenon, because it is subject to controls international bodies for the
protection of human rights as the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and international bodies like the International Criminal Court responsible for the persecution criminal of some crimes considered serious.
Therefore, a society is not entirely free to adopt an approach based on forgetfulness and lack of investigation and punishment model, for example, by a general and unrestricted amnesty; and therefore, some principles have universal validity, such as the duty of reparation for victims, the duty to investigate to find out what happened (truth) and the duty to remember.
If we analyze the Uruguayan case, we can see that transitional justice is not an exclusively local instance or to be resolved by the citizens according to democratic principles of solving serious conflicts, but it is part of various processes or procedures that remain linked to certain state obligations to the international community and human rights agenda.
Downloads
References
Arnold, Jörg, “Transitionsstrafrecht und Vergangenheitspolitik”, Böse/SternbergLieben (Hrsgs.) Grundlagen des Strafund Strafverfahrensrechts. Festschrift für Knut Amelung zum 70. Geburtstag, Duncker&Humblot, Berlin, 2009.
Eser/ Arnold / Kreicker (Hrsgs), Strafrecht in Reaktion auf Systemunecht. Vergleichende Einblicke in Transitionsprozesse, Iuscrim, 2001.
Fabricius, Dirk, “Uruguay just desert: ¿Hay una obligación de castigar simplemente por haberlo merecido?”, trad. Galain Palermo, Pablo/Cáscales Ester, en Galain Palermo, Pablo (Ed.), ¿Justicia de transición? Mecanismos políticos y jurídicos para la elaboración del pasado, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, en prensa.
Fernández, Gonzalo, “Strafrecht in Reaktion auf Systemunrecht in Uruguay”, Eser/ Sieber/Arnold (Hrsg.) Strafrecht in Reaktion auf Systemunrecht. Vergleichende Einblicke in Transitionsprozesse, Teilband 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, (2007).
Fornasari, Gabriele, “Dictadores al banquillo. El caso Bordaberry como piedra miliar de la justicia de transición en Uruguay”, Galain Palermo, Pablo (Ed.), ¿Justicia de Transición? Galain Palermo, Pablo (Ed.), ¿Justicia de transición? Mecanismos políticos y jurídicos para la elaboración del pasado, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia, en prensa.
Galain Palermo, Pablo, “La influencia de las decisiones de los órganos del sistema interamericano de protección de los Derechos Humanos en el derecho penal de Uruguay”, Ambos et al (Eds.), Sistema Interamericano de protección de los Derechos Humanos y derecho penal internacional. Tomo III”, Konrad Adenauer, Bogotá, 2013.
Galain Palermo, Pablo, “Uruguay”, en Ambos (Eds.), Dificultades jurídicas y políticas para la ratificación o implementación del Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional. Contribuciones de América Latina y Alemania, Konrad Adenauer, Montevideo, 2006.
Galain Palermo, Pablo, “Übergangsjustiz und Vergangenheitsbewältigung in Uruguay”, Zeitschrift für die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft, 125, 2, 2013, “Justicia de transición y elaboración del pasado en Uruguay”, IBCCRIM.
Galain Palermo, Pablo, “Transition through consultation: the Uruguayan Experience, Amnesties, Immunities and Prosecutions: International Perspectives on Truth Recovery”, School of Law, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, 22.06.2009, http:// www.law.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofLaw/ Research/InstituteofCriminologyandCriminalJustice/Research/BeyondLegalism/filestore/ Filetoupload,158483,en.pdf.
González, José Luis / Galain Palermo, Pablo, “Uruguay”, en Ambos et al (Eds.), Jurisprudencia Latinoamericana sobre Derecho Penal Internacional. Con un informe adicional sobre la jurisprudencia italiana, Konrad Adenauer, Montevideo, 2008.
Kaufmann, Arthur, “Reflexionen über Rechtsstaat, Demokratie, Toleranz”, KÜHNE (Hrsg.), Festschrift für Koichi Miyazawa. Dem Wegbereiter des japanisch-deutschen Strafrechtsdiskurses, Nomos, Baden-Baden, 1995.
Kritz, Neil, Transitional Justice, Vol. II, Washington D.C, 1995. Olasolo, Héctor / Galain Palermo, Pablo, “La influencia en la Corte Penal Internacional de la Jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en materia de acceso, participación y reparación
