Types of leadership: a liberating perspective from the Professional Counseling

Abstract

This work aims to evaluate the types of leadership held by six entrepreneurs, framing the types detected in approaches already recognized in the literature on the subject, adding a particular liberating perspective from professional counseling. The study adheres to the qualitative paradigm, methodological framework that employs grounded theory, deriving from the data an emergent theory, methodological approach that allows analyzing, interpreting and constructing the categorization. After the inductive process, data are obtained that confirm that the informants place their actions as leaders on the basis of at least six types of leadership: charismatic, autocratic, democratic, liberal, transactional and transformational. Important categories on leadership types are obtained, describing six types of leadership, already recognized in the existing literature, clearly describing that key informants report leadership characteristics that correspond to a change-based leadership approach. The results allow to open reflection on the enormous importance of leadership in terms of conducting processes in organizations, fully recognizing the human factor involved, and thus accentuate the importance of leaders showing competencies that correspond to a change-based approach, and based on freedom, in order to ensure respect for human rights and dignity, generating an organizational synergy that directs objectives in favor of the growth of organizations, but, at the same time, of the human growth of all productive agents. All of this is based on the contributions that the science of psychology and the praxis of professional counseling offer to this important area of human resources management.