On the criminality accountability of un officials
Palabras clave:
Naciones Unidas, Oficials, Delincuencia de Cuello Blanco, Corrupción, Corte Penal Internacional, Governanza Global, Excepcionalismo, Petróleo por Comida, Competencia, Cooperación, Republicanismo, Derecho Penal, Coautoría y Participación, Estado de Derecho, Abuso de la Posición OficialResumen
Este ensayo plantea la problemática derivada de no contar con un sistema penal que busque sancionar a los funcionarios o agentes de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas que abusen de su posición o influencia, para obtener privilegios o cualquier tipo de ventaja social, política o económica. Los funcionarios de dicha organización cuentan con una vía libre a la impunidad debido a la falta de un sistema penal mundial que
los juzgue por los crímenes cometidos en ejercicio de su cargo. Ejemplos de esto son (i) la violación masiva
de mujeres en el Congo por parte de los Cascos Azules, o (ii) los negocios de los cuales se lucraron numerosos funcionarios de la entidad en desarrollo de acuerdos ilegales con el gobierno de Irak, relacionados con el acuerdo de Petróleo por Comida pactado con dicho país. Finalmente, se argumenta a favor de la necesidad de crear un nuevo sistema penal para los funcionarios o agentes de las Naciones
Unidas, y se sugieren algunas ideas preliminares sobre cómo alcanzar dicha meta.
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OIOS, A/64/326(Part I)/Add.1 (26 Aug 2009)
OIOS, A/64/326(Part II) (23 Feb 2010)
SC/1538 (2004)
Conclusions of the meeting of the G8 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting. Miyazaki, Japan, 13 July, 2000.
Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-For-Food Programme, Report on Programme Manipulation, Chapter One, Summary of Report on Programme Manipulation. (Volcker Report).
Bhargava, Vinay. Curing the Cancer of Corruption. In: Global Issues for Global Citizens. Chapter 18, 341-370, 343.
Schaeffer, Brett. Critical Reforms Required for U.N. Peacekeeping. September 8, 2009. P. 1. http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2009/Critical-Reforms-Requiredfor-UN-Peacekeeping
Murphy, Ray (2006) ‘An Assessment of UN Efforts to Address Sexual Misconductby Peacekeeping Personnel’, International Peacekeeping, 13: 531-546, 532.
Enciso Vanegas, Camilo Alberto. Burn! Chopping Down the Inquisitor’s Stake, Arguments against the Mail Fraud Statute.
Looney, Robert E., Reconstruction and Peacebuilding Under Extreme Adversity: The Problem of Pervasive Corruption in Iraq. P. 1.
Philip, Mark (2008) ‘Peacebuilding and Corruption’, International Peacekeeping, 15: 3, 310 – 327, 315.
Outcome Document of the 2005 UN summit.
http://www.un.org/summit2005/documents. html
Holt, Victoria K. and Boucher, Alix J. (2009) ‘Framing the Issue: UN Responses to Corruption and Criminal Networks in Post- Conflict Settings’, International Peacekeeping, 16: 1, 20 -32.
Virno,Paolo. A Grammar of the Multitude. For an Analysis of Contemporary Forms of Life. 2004. Virno, Paolo. Multitude: Between Innovation and Negation. 2008.
Falk, Richard and Strauss, Andrew. ‘On the Creation of a Global Peoples Assembly: Legitimacy and the Power of Popular Sovereignty’, Stanford Journal of International Law, Volume 36, Number 2, 3-31.
Aoi, Chiyuki et Al. Unintended Consequences of Peacekeeping. Centre for International Political Studies. University of Pretoria. P. 13.
Megret, Frederic. ‘The vicarious responsibility of the United Nations’, pp. 250-267, in Aoi, de Coning & Thakur, footnote 2.
Goldsmith, Jack. The Terror Presidency: Law And Judgment Inside The Bush Administration, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007. Chapter 1.
Plato. The Republic. Chapter 2.
Kant, Immanuel. The Philosophy of Law. W. Hastie tr. 1887. Cited by Kadish, Sanford H. et al. Criminal Law and Its Processes, Cases and Materials. Eight Edition. P. 80.
Furham, Johannes. Legal problems concerning the lack of accountability of UN peacekeeping forces. Raizes Juridicas. Curitiba, v.2, n.2 jul./dez. 2006. P. 29-42. P. 32
Rose-Ackerman, Susan (2008) ‘Corruption and Government’, International Peacekeeping, 15: 3, 328-343.
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2009/02/Oil-for-Food-Revisited-The-UN-Should-Not-Pay-Benon-Sevans-Legal-Fees
http://www.fownewus.com/story/0,2933,165164,00.html
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article583823.ece May 11, 2010.
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2009/02/Oil-for-Food-Revisited-The-UN-Should-Not-Pay-Benon-Sevans-Legal-Fees
http://www.washingtonpost .com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/22/AR2007022201650.html?sub=AR
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2009/Critical-Reforms-Requiredfor-UN-Peacekeeping (in the same line ofthought, but specifically directed to the needof reform to prevent abuse of peacekeepersin UN operations).
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10741998/May 11, 2010
http://www.washingtonpost .com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/16/AR2007011600706.html May 11, 2010.
http://www.iic-offp.org/about.htm#6.%20How%20many%20people%20work%20in%20the%20IIC
http://ww.britannica.com/bps/additionalcontent/18/23307545/THEACCUSATIONS-AGAINST-THEOIL-FOR-FOOD-PROGRAM-THEVOLCKER-REPORTS May 11, 2010.
The OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Official in International Transactions.
United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division. United Nations Action against Corruption and Bribery. September 1997. P. 8-11.
Rome Statute (whereby the International Criminal Court is created)
A/60/L.1. September 15, 2005. World Summit Outcome. P.2.
A/64/326(Part I) (24 Aug 2009), P. 9. http://www.un.org/Depts/oios/pages/annual_reports.html
A/64/100.
2009 Global Corruption Barometer, Transparency International. 2. www.transparency.org
OIOS, A/64/326(Part I) (24 Aug 2009)
OIOS, A/64/326(Part I)/Add.1 (26 Aug 2009)
OIOS, A/64/326(Part II) (23 Feb 2010)
SC/1538 (2004)
Conclusions of the meeting of the G8 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting. Miyazaki, Japan, 13 July, 2000.
Independent Inquiry Committee into the United Nations Oil-For-Food Programme, Report on Programme Manipulation, Chapter One, Summary of Report on Programme Manipulation. (Volcker Report).
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2010-12-01
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Cómo citar
On the criminality accountability of un officials. (2010). Diálogos De Saberes, 33, 149-168. https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/dialogos/article/view/2000
