Modelo multiobjetivo para la selección de estrategias óptimas de mantenimiento en sistemas multicomponentes: una aplicación en líneas de transmisión de energía eléctrica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1794-4953/avances.1.6265Palabras clave:
Cadenas de aisladores, Confiabilidad de sistemas, Optimización multiobjetivo, Plan de mantenimiento, Sistemas multicomponentesResumen
En este artículo se formula un modelo multiobjetivo para seleccionar estrategias de mantenimiento óptimas en sistemas formados por varios elementos interconectados. Las aquí planteadas corresponden al conjunto de acciones eficientes, centradas en maximizar la confiabilidad del sistema y, a su vez, minimizar los costos asociados. La optimización se realiza mediante el uso de algoritmos evolutivos tipo NSGA-II. Para evaluar la confiabilidad del sistema se utiliza un procedimiento basado en simulación de Monte Carlo, que permite analizar sistemas con distintas funciones de desempeño y para configuraciones de componentes diferentes a las clásicas (serie, paralelo, k-out-of-N). La propuesta se analiza para los componentes de un sistema eléctrico de potencia, específicamente las cadenas de aisladores de las líneas de transmisión, y varios escenarios de cálculo. Las estrategias seleccionadas por el modelo priorizan los elementos más importantes, según costo o mantenimiento, y conforman un frente de Pareto aproximado donde el decisor puede seleccionar la más adecuada, de acuerdo con sus intereses.
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