Anomalías congénitas de los riñones y de las vías urinarias, una revisión de la literatura*
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-7841/rcslibre.2017v12n1.1412Palabras clave:
CAKUT, Ultrasonografía, Hidronefrosis, Factores de riesgo, Diagnóstico prenatal, Anomalías congénitas.Resumen
Proporcionar a los profesionales de la salud, conocimientos básicos en la detección, abordaje y seguimiento de las anomalías congénitas del riñón y de la vía urinaria. Materiales y métodos: Revisión no sistemática de la literatura, se accedió a las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, Science Direct, Tripdatabase, Cochrane Library, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y revistas de nefrología pediá- trica. Se incluyeron publicaciones de los últimos 25 años. Se utilizaron los términos MeSH “Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract, Hydronephrosis, risk factors, prenatal diagnosis, congenital abnormalities”. Resultados: Se han identificado dos importantes factores de riesgo para desarrollar estas patologías, el primero la Diabetes pregestacional, es decir“, aquella diabetes conocida previamente a la gestación, bien diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1), diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) o intolerancia a los carbohidratos”, en segundo lugar el bajo o tardío consumo de micronutrientes de la gestación. Conclusiones: La diabetes mellitus pregestacional y el bajo consumo de micronutrientes antes o durante la gestación, se ven relacionado con el desarrollo de las anomalías renales y de la vía urinaria en el feto, aunque no las explican en la mayoría de casos.
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Referencias
1. Hwang. D, Dworschak. G, Kohl. S, Saisawat. P, Vivante, A. Mutations in 12 known dominant disea- se-causing genes clarify many congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. International Society of Nephrology 2014; 85: 1429–1433.
2. Garne E, Loane M, Wellesley D, Barisic I, EUROCAT Working Group. Congenital hydronephrosis: Prena- tal diagnosis and epidemiology in Europe. Journal of Pediatric Urology 2009; 5: 47-52.
3. Csaicsich D, Greenbaym LA, Aufricht C. Upper uri- nary tract: when is obstruction obstruction. Current Opinion in Urology 2004; 14: 213-217.
4. Dillon E, Walton SM. The antenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities: a 10 year audit of influencing factors. The British Journal of Radiology 1997; 70: 341-346.
5. Shokeir A, Nijman R. Antenatal hydronephrosis: changing concepts in diagnosis and subsequent management. British Journal of Urology International 2000; 85: 987 – 994.
6. Eslava M, Gastelbondo R, Vásquez P. Prevalencia e insuficiencia renal crónica en pacientes pediátricos con reflujo vesicuoreteral de la Fundación Cardio Infantil, Bogotá. Pediatría Vol 46 No 1 2013.
7. Melo B.F, Aguilar M.B, Bouzada M.C, Aguiar R.L, Pereira A.K. Early risk factors for neonatal mortality in CAKUT: analysis of 524 affected new borns. Pe- diatric nephrology: journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association 2012; 27: 965–972.
8. Santos Dias C, Penido Silva J.M, Marciano R.M, Fe- rrarez Bouzada M.C, Araujo de Oliveira E. Imaging for evaluation of urologic abnormalities in infants with fetal hydronephrosis: advances and controver- sies. Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia 2012; 34(4): 395-400.
9. Alconcher L, Tombesi M. Dilataciones del tracto urinario detectadas a través de la ecografía prena- tal. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nefrología Pediátrica 2015;15(2):66-73.
10. Lee Cendron M, Kinnamon D.D and Nguyen H.T. Antenatal Hydronephorosis as a Predictor of Postnatal Outcome: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics; 118;586, 2006.
11. Lee R, Borer J. Campbell – Walsh Urology. Eleventh Edition International Edition. Chapter 124. Pages 2875-2878.
12. Ruano R, Safdar A, Au J. Defining and predicting “intrauterine fetal renal failure” in congenital lower urinary tract obstruction. Pediatric Neprhology 2016; 31: 605-612
13. Vivante A, Kohl. S, Hwang. D.Y, Dworschak. G, Hildebrandt. F. Single-gene causes of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in humans. Pediatric nephrology: journal of the Inter- national Pediatric Nephrology Association 2014;. 29: 695–704.
14. Peco-Antic. A, Bogdanovic. R, Paripovic. D, Pari- povic. A, Kocev. N. Et Al. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children in Serbia. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation 2012; 27: 1978–1984.
15. Pereira AK, Nogueira Reis Z.S, Ferrarez Bouzada M.C, Araujo de Oliveira E, Osanan G, and Vieira Cabral A.C, Antenatal Ultrasonographic Antero- posterior Renal Pelvis Diameter Measurement: Is It a Reliable Way of Defining Fetal Hydronephrosis?. Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2011; 86:5.
16. Nef S, Neuhaus T, Spartà G, et al. Outcome after prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. European journal of pediatric 2016 175:667-676
17. Davenport M, Merguerian P.A, Koyle M, Antena- tally diagnosed hydronephrosis: current postnatal Management. Pediatric surgery international 2013; 29: 207–214.
18. Becker A.M, Postnatal evaluation of infants with an abnormal antenatal renal sonogram. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2009 April; 21(2): 207–213.
19. Quirino I.G, Diniz J.S, Bouzada M.C, Pereira A.K, Oliveira E.A, Clinical Course of 822 Children with Prenatally Detected Nephrouropathies. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2012 7: 444–451, 2012.
20. Nicolaou, N y cols. Genetic, environmental, and epi- genetic factors involved in CAKUT. Nature Reviews Nephrology 2015. 1 – 12.
21. Piepsz A, Antenatally Detected Hydronephrosis. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. 2007; 37: 249-260.
22. Stoll C, Dott B, Alembik Y. (2014; 57). Associated nonurinary congenital anomalies among infants with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). European journal of medical genetics 2014; 57: 322 - 328.
23. Gómez J, Fernández N, Páez P, Zarante I. Detección de anomalías congénitas en 12760 nacimientos de tres hospitales de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia 2004 – 2005, mediante ecografía prenatal. Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 2007; 58(3): 194 – 201.
24. Saldarriaga W, Ruiz F, Fandiño A, Cruz M, Isaza C. Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of Congenital defects by screening ultrasoun, in Cali, Colombia. Colombia Médica. 2014; 45(1): 32 – 38.
25. Anderson N, Clautice T, Allan R, et al. Detection of obstructive uripathy in the fetus: predictive value of sonographic measurements of renal pelvic diameter at various gestational ages. American journal of roent- genology 1995;164:719-723
26. Nguyen H, et al. Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system). Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2014; 10: 982 – 999.
27. Caiulo V, Caiulo S, Gargasole C, et al. Ultrasound mass screening for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Pediatric nephrology 2012 27;949-953
28. Bondagji N. Antenatal diagnosis, prevalence and outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in Saudi Arabia. Urology Annals Jan – Mar 2014 Vol 6 Issue 1
29. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social – Colciencias, Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud. Guía de Práctica Clínica Para la prevención, detec- ción temprana y tratamiento de las complicaciones del embarazo, parto o puerperio. 2013.
30. Sanna Cherchi S, avani P, Corbani V, et al. Renal outcome in patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Kidney international 2009 76, 528-533
31. Lee, R, Cendron M, Kinnamon D, Nguyen H. An- tenatal hydronephrosis as a predictor of posnatal outcome: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2006; 118;586
32. Alconcher L.F, Tombesi M.M, Natural history of bilateral mild isolated antenatal hydronephrosis conservatively managed. Pediatric nephrology: journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association 2012; 27:1119–1123.
33. Oliveira E, Diniz J, Cabral A, Leite H, Colosimo E, Oliveira R, Vilasboas A. Prognostic factors in fetal hydronephrosis: a multivariate análisis. Pediatric Nephrology 1999; 13: 859-864.
34. Quirino I, Dias C, Vasconcelos M, et al. A predictive model of chronic kidney disease in patients with Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Pediatric nephrology 2014; 29:2357-2364.
35. Arango F, Castillo I, Restrepo C, Restrepo J. Diag- nóstico prenatal de hidronefrosis y seguimiento postnatal en la ciudad de Cali entre 1987 y 1995. Ac- tualizaciones pediátricas Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Volúmen 6 No. 2 – Julio de 1996
36. Calderón J, Zarante I. Anomalías congénitas uro- lógicas: descripción epidemiológica y factores de riesgo asociados en Colombia 2001 – 2004. Archivos Españoles de Urología, 59, 1 (7-14), 2006.
37. García M, Imbachi L, Hurtado P, Gracia G, Zarante I. Detección ecográficade anomalías congénitas en 76.155 nacimientos en Bogotá y Cali, 2011 – 2012. Biomedica 2014; 34:379-86
38. Contreras E, Arango L, Zuluaga S, Ocampo V. Dia- betes y embarazo. Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Vol 59 No1, 2008. Páginas 38 – 45.
39. Dart A, Ruth C, Sellers E, Au W, Dean H. Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) in the Child. Revista americana de las enfermedades del riñón. 2015; 65(5): 684-691.
40. Fernández, N., Henao Mejía, J., Monterrey, P., Pé- rez, J., & Zarante, I. Association between maternal prenatal vitamin use and congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract in a developing country. Journal of Pediatric Urology 2012; 8: 121 - 126.
41. Groen S, Renkema K, Schreuder M, Wijers C et al. Maternal risk factors involved in specific conge- nital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: A case-control study. Brith defects research Part A 2016.
42. Bulum, B., Özcakar, B., Üstüner, E., Düsünceli, E., Kavaz, A., Duman, D., Yalcinkaya, F. High frequency of kidney and urinary tract anomalies in asympto- matic first-degree relatives of patients with CAKUT. Pediatric nephrology : journal of the International Pedia- tric Nephrology Association. 2013
2. Garne E, Loane M, Wellesley D, Barisic I, EUROCAT Working Group. Congenital hydronephrosis: Prena- tal diagnosis and epidemiology in Europe. Journal of Pediatric Urology 2009; 5: 47-52.
3. Csaicsich D, Greenbaym LA, Aufricht C. Upper uri- nary tract: when is obstruction obstruction. Current Opinion in Urology 2004; 14: 213-217.
4. Dillon E, Walton SM. The antenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities: a 10 year audit of influencing factors. The British Journal of Radiology 1997; 70: 341-346.
5. Shokeir A, Nijman R. Antenatal hydronephrosis: changing concepts in diagnosis and subsequent management. British Journal of Urology International 2000; 85: 987 – 994.
6. Eslava M, Gastelbondo R, Vásquez P. Prevalencia e insuficiencia renal crónica en pacientes pediátricos con reflujo vesicuoreteral de la Fundación Cardio Infantil, Bogotá. Pediatría Vol 46 No 1 2013.
7. Melo B.F, Aguilar M.B, Bouzada M.C, Aguiar R.L, Pereira A.K. Early risk factors for neonatal mortality in CAKUT: analysis of 524 affected new borns. Pe- diatric nephrology: journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association 2012; 27: 965–972.
8. Santos Dias C, Penido Silva J.M, Marciano R.M, Fe- rrarez Bouzada M.C, Araujo de Oliveira E. Imaging for evaluation of urologic abnormalities in infants with fetal hydronephrosis: advances and controver- sies. Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia 2012; 34(4): 395-400.
9. Alconcher L, Tombesi M. Dilataciones del tracto urinario detectadas a través de la ecografía prena- tal. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nefrología Pediátrica 2015;15(2):66-73.
10. Lee Cendron M, Kinnamon D.D and Nguyen H.T. Antenatal Hydronephorosis as a Predictor of Postnatal Outcome: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics; 118;586, 2006.
11. Lee R, Borer J. Campbell – Walsh Urology. Eleventh Edition International Edition. Chapter 124. Pages 2875-2878.
12. Ruano R, Safdar A, Au J. Defining and predicting “intrauterine fetal renal failure” in congenital lower urinary tract obstruction. Pediatric Neprhology 2016; 31: 605-612
13. Vivante A, Kohl. S, Hwang. D.Y, Dworschak. G, Hildebrandt. F. Single-gene causes of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in humans. Pediatric nephrology: journal of the Inter- national Pediatric Nephrology Association 2014;. 29: 695–704.
14. Peco-Antic. A, Bogdanovic. R, Paripovic. D, Pari- povic. A, Kocev. N. Et Al. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children in Serbia. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation 2012; 27: 1978–1984.
15. Pereira AK, Nogueira Reis Z.S, Ferrarez Bouzada M.C, Araujo de Oliveira E, Osanan G, and Vieira Cabral A.C, Antenatal Ultrasonographic Antero- posterior Renal Pelvis Diameter Measurement: Is It a Reliable Way of Defining Fetal Hydronephrosis?. Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2011; 86:5.
16. Nef S, Neuhaus T, Spartà G, et al. Outcome after prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. European journal of pediatric 2016 175:667-676
17. Davenport M, Merguerian P.A, Koyle M, Antena- tally diagnosed hydronephrosis: current postnatal Management. Pediatric surgery international 2013; 29: 207–214.
18. Becker A.M, Postnatal evaluation of infants with an abnormal antenatal renal sonogram. Current opinion in pediatrics. 2009 April; 21(2): 207–213.
19. Quirino I.G, Diniz J.S, Bouzada M.C, Pereira A.K, Oliveira E.A, Clinical Course of 822 Children with Prenatally Detected Nephrouropathies. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2012 7: 444–451, 2012.
20. Nicolaou, N y cols. Genetic, environmental, and epi- genetic factors involved in CAKUT. Nature Reviews Nephrology 2015. 1 – 12.
21. Piepsz A, Antenatally Detected Hydronephrosis. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine. 2007; 37: 249-260.
22. Stoll C, Dott B, Alembik Y. (2014; 57). Associated nonurinary congenital anomalies among infants with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). European journal of medical genetics 2014; 57: 322 - 328.
23. Gómez J, Fernández N, Páez P, Zarante I. Detección de anomalías congénitas en 12760 nacimientos de tres hospitales de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia 2004 – 2005, mediante ecografía prenatal. Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 2007; 58(3): 194 – 201.
24. Saldarriaga W, Ruiz F, Fandiño A, Cruz M, Isaza C. Evaluation of prenatal diagnosis of Congenital defects by screening ultrasoun, in Cali, Colombia. Colombia Médica. 2014; 45(1): 32 – 38.
25. Anderson N, Clautice T, Allan R, et al. Detection of obstructive uripathy in the fetus: predictive value of sonographic measurements of renal pelvic diameter at various gestational ages. American journal of roent- genology 1995;164:719-723
26. Nguyen H, et al. Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of prenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system). Journal of Pediatric Urology. 2014; 10: 982 – 999.
27. Caiulo V, Caiulo S, Gargasole C, et al. Ultrasound mass screening for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Pediatric nephrology 2012 27;949-953
28. Bondagji N. Antenatal diagnosis, prevalence and outcome of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in Saudi Arabia. Urology Annals Jan – Mar 2014 Vol 6 Issue 1
29. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social – Colciencias, Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud. Guía de Práctica Clínica Para la prevención, detec- ción temprana y tratamiento de las complicaciones del embarazo, parto o puerperio. 2013.
30. Sanna Cherchi S, avani P, Corbani V, et al. Renal outcome in patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Kidney international 2009 76, 528-533
31. Lee, R, Cendron M, Kinnamon D, Nguyen H. An- tenatal hydronephrosis as a predictor of posnatal outcome: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2006; 118;586
32. Alconcher L.F, Tombesi M.M, Natural history of bilateral mild isolated antenatal hydronephrosis conservatively managed. Pediatric nephrology: journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association 2012; 27:1119–1123.
33. Oliveira E, Diniz J, Cabral A, Leite H, Colosimo E, Oliveira R, Vilasboas A. Prognostic factors in fetal hydronephrosis: a multivariate análisis. Pediatric Nephrology 1999; 13: 859-864.
34. Quirino I, Dias C, Vasconcelos M, et al. A predictive model of chronic kidney disease in patients with Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Pediatric nephrology 2014; 29:2357-2364.
35. Arango F, Castillo I, Restrepo C, Restrepo J. Diag- nóstico prenatal de hidronefrosis y seguimiento postnatal en la ciudad de Cali entre 1987 y 1995. Ac- tualizaciones pediátricas Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Volúmen 6 No. 2 – Julio de 1996
36. Calderón J, Zarante I. Anomalías congénitas uro- lógicas: descripción epidemiológica y factores de riesgo asociados en Colombia 2001 – 2004. Archivos Españoles de Urología, 59, 1 (7-14), 2006.
37. García M, Imbachi L, Hurtado P, Gracia G, Zarante I. Detección ecográficade anomalías congénitas en 76.155 nacimientos en Bogotá y Cali, 2011 – 2012. Biomedica 2014; 34:379-86
38. Contreras E, Arango L, Zuluaga S, Ocampo V. Dia- betes y embarazo. Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Vol 59 No1, 2008. Páginas 38 – 45.
39. Dart A, Ruth C, Sellers E, Au W, Dean H. Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) in the Child. Revista americana de las enfermedades del riñón. 2015; 65(5): 684-691.
40. Fernández, N., Henao Mejía, J., Monterrey, P., Pé- rez, J., & Zarante, I. Association between maternal prenatal vitamin use and congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract in a developing country. Journal of Pediatric Urology 2012; 8: 121 - 126.
41. Groen S, Renkema K, Schreuder M, Wijers C et al. Maternal risk factors involved in specific conge- nital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: A case-control study. Brith defects research Part A 2016.
42. Bulum, B., Özcakar, B., Üstüner, E., Düsünceli, E., Kavaz, A., Duman, D., Yalcinkaya, F. High frequency of kidney and urinary tract anomalies in asympto- matic first-degree relatives of patients with CAKUT. Pediatric nephrology : journal of the International Pedia- tric Nephrology Association. 2013
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Publicado
2017-06-01
Número
Sección
Artículos de revisión
Cómo citar
Ordoñez Bastidas, M. S., Molina Urbina, N. X., Ortiz, R. A., Restrepo, J. M., & Acosta Aragón, M. A. (2017). Anomalías congénitas de los riñones y de las vías urinarias, una revisión de la literatura*. Revista Colombiana Salud Libre, 12(1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.18041/1900-7841/rcslibre.2017v12n1.1412
