Finanzas internacionales aplicadas a la toma de decisiones: una revisión de modelos

Abstract

In an increasingly globalized world, international finance has become an important area of knowledge for the global economy. Financial decision making in the international context is complex and requires the analysis of many factors not considered in national contexts. Globalization creates opportunities, but also challenges for investors and companies, as they can expand into new markets and access new sources of financing, while investors can diversify their portfolios and access investment opportunities around the world, however, globalization has increased economic dependence between countries, exposing investors and companies to new risks. In this context, foreign exchange risk management is a relevant element for companies operating in both domestic and international economies and for investors who want to diversify their capital in portfolios in different countries. This maximizes the importance of tools such as country risk assessment, since it facilitates financial decision making through the evaluation of risk factors linked to the characteristic elements of the economies, such as: political, economic and social risks; their analysis provides a clear vision of the context conditions. Another aspect to take into consideration are international financial theories and models, as they are fundamental to understand the impact of cross-border capital flows on economies and companies. Models such as the interest rate parity model and the financial asset valuation model are two of the most important models in international finance; they will be discussed in this paper whose objective is to identify the importance of economic models in the field of international finance, seeking the identification, description and understanding of some important tools that international finance has and that have allowed it to achieve its development as a science. In order to achieve this purpose, a literature review of different research sources is carried out, so that a solid construction of the main models and tools implemented by the companies to face the globalized economy can be carried out. Based on the objective outlined for the present study, the qualitative methodology was selected, bearing in mind that it facilitates the identification, description and interpretation of complex phenomena through their characteristic elements, which ultimately leads to a deeper understanding, based on identifiable and emergent variables. The design implemented was documentary, focused especially on the collection and organization of documents, journals, books and memories, from which information is obtained and compared with each other (Guerrero Dávila & Guerrero Dávila, 2020).One of the central conclusions of the study indicates that in the financial field, tools should be adopted to assist in the analysis of complex factors present in international markets, which are related to elements of macroeconomics as instruments to expand investment possibilities and opportunities.