Modified bass method implementation using audio-tactile- performance technique for improving oral hygiene status of visually impaired people
Keywords:
Disabled persons, oral health, health education, toothbrushing, visually impaired personsAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of Modified Bass method implementation through ATP
technique (audio, tactile, performance) with institutionalized visually impaired individuals in Pereira, Colombia.
Methods: A quasi-experimental design was carry out, non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. People with total and partial visual impairment were invited to participate, people with prostheses were excluded. A survey and a checklist were used and simplified oral hygiene index (IHOS) was calculated, they were applied before and after a three-session educational intervention in which Modified Bass method was taught using ATP. Statistical analysis was performed through univariate analysis (medians, interquartile ranges, proportions) and
bivariate (Chi Square, Fisher’s Exact Test).
Results: 15 people between 19 and 70 years old participated. In the pre-intervention measurement 86.7% brushed their teeth alone, 80% brushed their teeth 3 or more times a day, 53.3% did not have autonomy to deposit the cream on the brush, and 33.3% did not brush their tongue. In postintervention measurement the data for the same variables were 100%, 93.3%, 100% and 93.3% respectively. The IHOS median before and after the intervention were 4 and 0.06 with an interquartile range of 3.6–6 and 0.5–1.3, respectively; the difference was statistically significant (p <0.001).
Conclusions: The teaching of Modified Bass method with ATP was effective, which is evidenced in plaque index reduction and the improvement in other variables. This intervention prevents
oral pathologies and improves the quality of life of these people.
Downloads
References
World Health Organización (WHO). World
Report on Vision. Geneva: WHO; 2019. Available in: https://www.who.int/health- topics/blindness-and-vision-loss#tab=tab_1
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Análisis de Situación de Salud en Colombia (ASIS) 2019. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/ publica/epidemiologia/Paginas/analisis-de- situacion-de-salud-.aspx
ames J, Breena D, Dakshaini P, Ganesh R. Prevalence of Dental Caries, Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Status, and Practices among Visually Impaired Individuals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Int Jou of Dents [internet]. 2017 [citado 27/10/2019]; 1-6. https://doi. org/10.1155/2017/9419648
da Cunha LD, Melo MA, Rodrigue VP, Vasconcelos AF, Braga B. Relationship between periodontal status and degree of visual impairment in institutionalized individuals. Eur J Dent [internet]. 2015 [citado 27/10/2019]; 9(3):324-328. DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.163322
Prashanth ST, Bhatnagar S, Das UM, Gopu H. Oral health knowledge, practice, oral hygiene status, and dental caries prevalence among visually impaired children in Bangalore. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent [internet]. 2011 [citado 24/11/2019]; 29(2):102-105. Disponible en: http://www. jisppd.com/text.asp?2011/29/2/102/84680
Deshpande S, Rajpurohit L, Varghese V. Effectiveness of braille and audio-tactile performance technique for improving oral hygiene status of visually impaired adolescents. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent [internet]. 2017 [citado 24/11/2019]; 21(1):27-31. DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_149_17
Marini I; Bortolotti F; Parenti SI; Gatto MR; Bonetti GA. Combined effects of repeated oral hygiene motivation and type of toothbrush on orthodontic patients: A blind randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod [internet]. 2014 [citado 27/11/2019]; 84(5):896-901. https:// doi.org/10.2319/112113-856.1
Suresan V, Das D, Jnaneswar A, Jha K, Kumar G, Subramaniam GB. Assessment of dental caries, oral hygiene status, traumatic dental injuries and provision of basic oral health care among visually impaired children of Eastern Odisha. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent [internet]. 2017 [citado 24/10/2019]; 35(4):284-290. DOI: 10.4103/ JISPPD.JISPPD_48_17
Debnath A, Srivastava BK, Shetty P, Eshwar S. New Vision for Improving the Oral Health Education of Visually Impaired Children A Non-Randomized Control Trial. J Clin Diagn Res [internet]. 2017 [citado 15/10/2019]; 11(7): ZC29-ZC32. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/26515.10170
Joybell C, Krishnan R, Kumar S. Comparison of Two Brushing Methods- Fone’s vs Modified Bass Method in Visually Impaired Children Using the Audio Tactile Performance (ATP) Technique. J Clin Diagn Res [internet]. 2015 [citado 18/02/2020]; 9(3): ZC19-ZC22. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/11307.5651
Hebbal M, Ankola AV. Development of a new technique (ATP) for training visually impaired children in oral hygiene maintenance [internet]. 2012 [citado el 04/03/2020] 13(5):244-247. https://doi. org/10.1007/BF03262878
Costales ME. Elaboración de un manual en sistema en braille de salud bucal para personas invidentes de la fundación “Mariana de Jesús”. [Título de odontóloga]. Quito: Universidad de las Américas; 2016. Disponible en: http://dspace.udla.edu. ec/bitstream/33000/5427/1/UDLA-EC- TOD-2016-59.pdf
Qureshi A, Saadat S, Qureshi H. Effectiveness of guided tooth brushing program for children with visual impairments-a randomized controlled trial. Biomedical research [internet] 2017; 28 (4): 1483-1486 [citado 28/03/2020]. Disponible en: https:// www.biomedres.info/biomedical-research/ effectiveness-of-guided-tooth-brushing- program-for-children-with-visual- impairmentsa-randomized-controlled-trial. html
Ticse J, ChipanaCR, Mungi S, Perona GA. Nivel de conocimiento e índice de higiene oral luego de aplicar una guía de salud bucal en sistema braille. Rev. cient. odontol [internet]. 2018 [citado 10/03/2020];
(1):84-92. DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754- 0601-2018-84-92
Mahantesha T, Nara A, Kumari PR, Nugadoni PK, Buddiga V, Sarpangala M. A comparative evaluation of oral hygiene using Braille and audio instructions among institutionalized visually impaired children aged between 6 years and 20 years: A 3-monthfollow-up study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent [internet]. 2015 [citado 01/03/2020]; 5(8):129-132. DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.172953
Rodríguez WJ. Influencia de la enseñanza de una técnica de cepillado, en la higiene oral en alumnos con ceguera del centro educativo especial de ceguera y visión subnormal. [Título de odontólogo]. Perú: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; 2014. Disponible en: http://dspace.unitru.edu.pe/ handle/UNITRU/610
da Silveira ET, Schardosim LR, Goettems ML, Azevedo MS, Torrani DD. Educação Em Saúde Bucal Direcionada Aos Deficientes Visuais. Rev Brasil Educação Especial [internet]. 2015 [citado 18/03/2020]; 21(2):289-298. Disponible en: https://doi. org/10.1590/S1413-65382115000200009. Krishnakumar R, Silla SS, Durai SK, Govindarajan M, Ahamed SS, Mathivanan L. Comparative evaluation of audio and audio - tactile methods to improve oral hygiene status of visually impaired school children. CHRISMED J Health Res [internet]. 2016 [citado 21/02/2020]; 3(1): 55-9. DOI: 10.4103/2348-3334.172403
Aggarwal T, Goswami M, Dhillon JK. Assessment of Oral Health Educational Program on oral health status of visually impaired children in New Delhi. Spec Care Dentist [internet]. 2019 [citado 25/03/2020]; 39:140–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/ scd.12354
Rizzo LM, Torres AM, Martínez CM. Comparación de diferentes técnicas de cepillado para la higiene bucal. CES Odont [internet]. 2016 [citado 20/04/2020]; 29(2): 52-64. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org. co/pdf/ceso/v29n2/v29n2a07.pdf
