Burnout syndrome: existence of burnout in the health sector
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/1794-5232/cultrua.2020v17n1.7204Keywords:
Burnout, Exhaustion, Work stress, Professional exhaustion, Emotional exhaustion, Working conditionsAbstract
In times during which our work life occupies a majority of our time where at the very least we spend a third of the day working or developing skills related to our jobs, we seek to be more productive, efficient, and why not admit, competitive, in personal and professional manners; this is how inevitably the side effects present themselves, whether manifesting physically and/or psychologically. Due to this we have decided to share a bit about an illness that has become more common in the working population and gains strength every day. An illness which has since the day it was recognized, obtained several names such as professional attrition syndrome, emotional overdose symptom, burned head syndrome, work burnout, burnout syndrome or work fatigue syndrome or any other synonym for exhaustion and mental fatigue: Burnout Syndrome.
It is important to understand what this syndrome consists of, both for employers/companies and employees who may be affected by it; the former affected due to an increase in absenteeism that translates into a large financial cost due to lost labor and the latter due to a sensation of unhappiness with what used to generate motivation and lack of interest in work, which results in low productivity in addition to physical manifestations such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, etc. Understanding this and taking into account the above, these workers are the ones who changed from one extreme to the other progressively.
Burnout Syndrome is a modern illness that affects individuals in the mental plane, that is to say, a psychological risk for employees and for that reason, just like other occupational risks that are found in the workplace, it should be treated with awareness and prevention strategies in addition to intervention and treatment for affected employees.
Downloads
References
Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job Burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001; 52: 397-422.
Auserón GA, Viscarret MR, Goñi CF, Rubio VG, Pascual PP, Sainz de Murieita E. Evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de mindfulness y autocompasión para reducir el estrés y prevenir el Burnout en profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria. Aten Primaria. 2018; 50: 141-150.
Fuertes-Goñi C, Aranda-Auserón G, Arroyo-Anies MP. Comunicación y mindfulness como prevención del Burnout. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2016; 39: 331-333.
Farber BA. Stress and Burnout in the Human Service Professions. New York: Pergamon Press. 1983.
Quiceno JM, Alpi SV. Burnout: “Síndrome de quemarse en el trabajo (SQT). Acta colombiana de psicología. 2007; 10(2):117-125.
Vidotti V, Trevisan MJ, Quina MJ, Perfeito RR, Carmo Cruz ML. Síndrome de Burnout, estrés laboral y calidad de vida en trabajadores de enfermería. Revista electrónica Enfermería Global. 2019; 55:344-354.
Fernández JC, Pérez JM, Santos AM, Pérez M, Peralta M. Association between Burnout and cortisol secretion, perceived stress, and psychopathology in palliative care unit health professionals. Palliat Support Care. 2018; 16:286-297.
Fernández JC, Pérez JM, Santos AM, Pérez M, Peralta M. Burnout y funciones ejecutivas en personal sanitaria en Cuidados paliativos: influencia del desgaste profesional sobre la toma de decisiones. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2018; 41(2): 171-180.
Poncet MC, Toullic P, Papazian L, Kentish-Barnes N, Timsit JF, Pochard F, Chevret S, Schlemmer B, Azoulay E. Burnout syndrome in critical care nursing staff. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007;175 (7): 698-704.
Embriaco N, Azoulay E, Barrau K, Kentish N, Pochard F, Loundou A, Papazian L. High level of burnout in intensivists: Prevalence and associated factors. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007; 175 (7): 686- 692.
Verdon M, Merlani P, Perneger T, Ricou B. Burnout in a surgical ICU team. Intensive Care Medicine. 2008; 34: 152-156.
Raggio B, Malacarne P. Burnout in intensive care unit. Minerva Anestesiology. 2007; 73:195-200.
Embriaco N, Hraiech S, Azoulay E, Baumstarck-Barrau K, Forel JM, Kentish-Barnes N, Pouchard F, Loundou A, Roch A, Papazian L. Symptoms of depression in ICU physicians. Annals of Intensive Care. 2007; 2 (1): 1-8.
Quenot JP, Rigaud JP, Prin S, Barbar S, Pavon A, Hamet M, Jacquiot N, Hervé C, Charles PE, Moutel G. Suffering among carers working in critical care can be reduced by an intensive communication strategy on end-of-life practices. Intensive Care Medicine. 2012; 38 (1):55-61.
Ballester-Arnal R, Gómez-Martínez S, Gil JB, Ferrándiz-Sellés M. Burnout y factores estresantes en profesionales sanitarios de las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica. 2016; 21(2):129-136.
Atance-Martínez JC. Aspectos epidemiológicos del síndrome de Burnout en personal sanitario. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 1997; 71(3):293-303.
Stalker C, Harvey C. Professional Burnout in social service organizations: A review of theory, research and prevention. Partnerships for children and families Project. 2002: 1-49.
Martín M, Campos A, Jiménez-Beatty JE, Martínez J. Calidad de vida y estrés laboral: la incidencia del Burnout en el deporte de alto rendimiento madrileño. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte. 2007; 3 (6):62-77.
Gil-Monte PR. El síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (Burnout): una enfermedad laboral en la sociedad del bienestar. Madrid, España: Pirámide. 2005.
Chemiss, C. Staff Burnout: Job stress in the human services. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; 1980.
Smoot SL, Gonzolas JL. Cost-effective communication skills training for state hospital employees. Psychiatric Services. 1995; 46:819–822.
Laredo SA, Steinman MQ, Robles CF, Ferrer E, Ragen BJ, Trainor BC. Effects of defeat stress on behavioral flexibility in males and females: modulation by the mu-opioid receptor. Eur J Neurosci. 2015; 41: 434-441.
Navinés R, Santos RM, Olivé V, Valdés M. Estrés laboral: implicaciones para la salud física y mental. Med Clin. 2016; 146: 359-366.
Fernández JC, Pérez JM, Santos AM, Pérez M, Peralta M. Influencia de factores sociodemográficos, laborales y de estilo de vida sobre los niveles de Burnout en personal sanitario de cuidados paliativos. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2017; 40: 421-431.
Raio CM, Orederu TA, Palazzolo L, Shurick AA, Phelps EA. Cognitive emotion regulation fails the stress test. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013; 110: 15139-15144.
Lim N, Dim EK, Kim H, Yang E, Lee SM. Individual and work-related factors influencing Burnout of mental health professionals: a meta-analysis. J Employ Couns. 2010; 47: 86-97.
Salazar-Gómez CA. Aspectos normativos en la legislación colombiana para la determinación como enfermedad profesional del estrés laboral. Rev CES Salud Pública. 2011; 2(1):85-90.
Murphy LR. Stress management in work settings: a critical review of the health effects. American Journal Of Health Promotion: AJHP. 1996; 11(2):112–135.
Simón, V. Aprender a practicar mindfulness y abrir el corazón a la sabiduría y la compasión. Barcelona: Sello Editorial; 2011.
Campayo JG. La práctica del «estar atento» (mindfulness) en medicina. Impacto en pacientes y profesionales. Atención primaria. 2008; 40:363-366.
Neff, K. Sé amable contigo mismo. El arte de la compasión hacia uno mismo. Barcelona: Oniro; 2012.
Asuero AM, Blanco TR, Pujol RE, Berenguera A, Queraltó JM. Evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de mindfulness en profesionales de atención primaria. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2013; 27:521-528.
Auserón GA, Viscarret MR, Goñi CF, Rubio VG, Pascual PP. Evaluación de la efectividad de un programa de mindfulness y autocompasión para reducir el estrés y prevenir el Burnout en profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria. Atención Primaria. 2017.
Brown JL, Ong J, Mathers JM, Decker JT. Compassion Fatigue and Mindfulness: Comparing Mental Health Professionals and MSW Student Interns. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work. 2017;14: 119-130.
Cucarella SP, Giannini MC. Effectiveness of a Pilot Mindfulness Program in Volunteers of a Breast Cancer Association. Journal of evidence-based complementary y alternative medicine. 2016; 21:291-294.
Thieleman K, Cacciatore J. Witness to suffering: Mindfulness and compassion fatigue among traumatic bereavement volunteers and professionals. Social Work. 2014; 59: 34-41.
Voci A, Veneziani CA, Bernardi S. Dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion as predictors of work-related well-being. Psicologia sociale. 2016; 11:69-88.
Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP. Job Burnout. Annu Rev Psychol. 2001; 52:397-422.
Paris MJ, Hoge MA. Burnout in the mental health workforce: a review. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2010; 37(4):519-528.
Van Dierendonck D, Schaufeli WB, Buunk BP. Burnout and inequity among human service professionals: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2001; 6(1):43-52.
Burke RJ, Richardsen AM. Psychological Burnout in organizations. In: Golembiewski, RT., editor. Handbook of organizational behavior. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1993.
Feingold A. Sustaining stamina at the interface of HIV and mental health practice. Mental Health AIDS. 2005; 6(2).
Montero-Marìn J, Asùn S, Estrada-Marcèn N, Romero R, Asùn R. Effectiveness of a stretching program on anxiety levels of workers in a logistic platform: a randomized controlled study. Aten Primaria. 2013; 45: 376-383.