Sizing a photovoltaic solar installation to meet the electricity demand of a middle-income residential home in the city of Bogotá

Abstract

The research analyzes the economic feasibility of implementing a photovoltaic solar panel system in a middle- class household in Bogotá. To this end, detailed information was collected on the home's energy consumption,  the area’s solar irradiation conditions, and the appropriate system components were selected. A comprehensive economic analysis was carried out,  considering the initial investment, payback period, and projected profits over 25 years. The technical calculations were performed using the "worst month" methodology, identifying the period in which it is most difficult to meet energy demand with solar energy. 

This methodology confirmed that, through the installation of four panels connected to the electrical grid, t is possible to meet the household’s energy demand. The results showed that the system would generate significant savings in electricity consumption and reduce CO₂ emissions by approximately 118 kg per year. The initial investment (COP $ 5.725.087) would be recovered in 4,7 years, reaching a projected profit of COP $ 225.015.860 over 25 years. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of the system is not only profitable but also environmentally sustainable, establishing itself an effective alternative to reduce costs and mitigate environmental impacts in urban residential sectors.