Agricultura en ambientes controlados, técnicas de control y su relación con la extracción de aceites esenciales: un análisis cienciométrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2619-4465/interfaces.1.13389Palabras clave:
Agricultura en ambientes controlados, Aceites esenciales, Análisis cienciométrico, Técnicas de control agrícola, Agricultura de precisión, Monitoreo ambiental, Agricultura verticalResumen
La agricultura en ambientes controlados (CEA) ha emergido como una estrategia fundamental para optimizar la producción agrícola mediante la gestión precisa de variables ambientales como la temperatura, la humedad, la luz y los nutrientes. Esta investigación presenta un análisis cienciométrico de la evolución científica en CEA durante el período 2004-2025, con especial atención a su aplicación en cultivos especializados para la producción de aceites esenciales. A través de una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, se identificaron y analizaron 862 registros únicos siguiendo la metodología PRISMA. Los resultados revelan un crecimiento exponencial en la investigación a partir de 2015, con tres períodos distintos: crecimiento inicial (2004-2009, 23.27%), decrecimiento (2010-2014, -15.91%) y expansión acelerada (2015-2025, 50.41%). Los Estados Unidos lideran la producción científica con 339 publicaciones (40.5%) y 5,998 citaciones, seguidos por Canadá, India, Alemania y China. Las tecnologías predominantes incluyen sistemas de iluminación LED, sensores IoT, monitoreo automatizado y agricultura vertical. La revista Frontiers in Plant Science se posiciona como la principal plataforma de difusión, con 41 artículos y un índice h de 246. El análisis de colaboración internacional evidencia redes consolidadas entre países europeos, asiáticos y americanos, lo que facilita la transferencia de tecnología. Aunque la relación específica entre CEA y aceites esenciales aún permanece poco explorada, la consolidación de tecnologías de control ambiental y la creciente demanda de productos de alto valor posicionan a este campo como estratégico para abordar los desafíos globales de seguridad alimentaria, cambio climático y sostenibilidad. Se concluye que la CEA representa un área de investigación con gran proyección, sugiriendo que futuras investigaciones deberían enfocarse en la sinergia entre los sistemas controlados y la producción de metabolitos secundarios, aceites esenciales y compuestos bioactivos.
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