Potencial antimicrobiano de los metabolitos secundarios: una revisióncienciométrica
Palabras clave:
Actividad antimicrobiana, metabolitos secundarios, bioactivos, cienciometría, resistencia a antibióticosResumen
Existe una creciente preocupación en salud pública por la resistencia a los antibióticos, lo que pone
de relieve la necesidad de controlar los patógenos mediante el uso de alternativas a los fármacos convencionales. En este contexto, numerosos estudios han encontrado que los metabolitos
secundarios extraídos de plantas, hongos y bacterias tienen la capacidad de inhibir ciertos
microorganismos, a menudo patógenos. El objetivo de esta revisión es explorar el potencial
antimicrobiano de los metabolitos secundarios para sus posibles aplicaciones en los sectores de la
salud, la agricultura y la agroindustria. Para ello, se realizó un análisis cienciométrico mediante el
algoritmo Tree of Science, con una búsqueda bibliográfica realizada en las dos principales bases de
datos, WoS y Scopus, que abarca el periodo de 2003 a 2024. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis
de la producción científica por país, revista y autor que trabaja en este tema. Los resultados
identificaron tres grupos principales, diferenciados por el origen de los metabolitos: plantas, hongos
y bacterias. En conclusión, los metabolitos secundarios, independientemente de su origen, muestran
un potencial significativo para su uso en la salud como agentes de control de patógenos y en la
agricultura como sustitutos de los pesticidas químicos.
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Referencias
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