Development of a sunblock prototype from mojarra spines (Oreochromis sp)

Abstract

Every day, the UV index is more worrying as a real public health problem. People need to use sunscreen to mitigate it. However, sunscreens are not accessible to the entire population, by cost and availability. That is why the main of this study is to develop a sunscreen prototype from fish bones and natural products. To develop this material, first of all the Hydroxylapatite in mojarra fish bonds was determined. Then, Fe2+-Ca2+ ionic exchange was performed by Hydroxylapatite treatment with FeCl solution. Finally, we develop three prototype 2 formulations by adding natural products (Almond oil, Coconut oil, Bee wax and Vitamin E) to the biomaterial developed. To increase the UV absorption, Zinc Oxide was added to one prototype. Finally, the UV formulations absorption were evaluated. DRX analyze confirms presence of Hydroxylapatite in the fishbone, required material to develop the prototype. Moreover, formulations developed with thicker constitution, characteristics of conventional sunscreens, were obtained. Finally, UV-Vis spectrum was obtained by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, in reflectance diffuse mode. This result showed the improvement in the absorption radiation by hydroxylapatite modification. In addition, the formulation with ZnO was the best material tested for UV absorption. In conclusion, we develop three sunscreen prototypes with promising activity in UV absorption, biomaterials from solid waste of regional fish industry.