Análisis bioinformático del lactato deshidrogenasa: un enfoque hacia Lactococcus lactis
Palabras clave:
Lactato deshidrogenasa, Lactococcus lactis, sitio alostérico, gen ldhResumen
Las bacterias ácido lácticas juegan un papel fundamental en la fermentación de los alimentos, el ácido láctico producido por este grupo de microorganismo es de alto valor y gran parte se obtiene por la fermentación del piruvato mediante la lactato deshidrogenasa. Lactococcus lactis es una de las bacterias acido lácticas más usadas en la industria de la cual se ha reportado la presencia de diferentes LDH. El objetivo de este artículo fue hacer uso de las herramientas bioinformáticas para observar y comparar las LDH encontradas en una misma cepa de L. lactis con el fin de determinar las diferentes secuencias codificantes para distintas LDH analizando su importancia e impacto en el ámbito industrial. Se utilizaron los programas y bases de datos NCBI para encontrar distintas LDH reportadas en una misma cepa y se corroboró que no se tratara de una misma proteína reportada varias veces. Además, Swiss model se usó para modelar las proteínas e identificar sus características y RasMol para sus aspectos estructurales. Se encontraron 3 LDH en la cepa UC063 de L. lactis codificadas en distintas partes del genoma con diferente secuencia de aminoácidos, se confirmó la identidad de L-LDH, LDH-2 y LDH-3 y se evidenciaron las diferentes características estructurales para cada modelamiento de las proteínas. Es importante tener en cuenta los múltiples genes ya que si se desea el redireccionamiento del flujo metabólico del microorganismo para fines industriales debe haber un múltiple silenciamiento, en cuanto al análisis proteico, es necesario evaluar las características de manera más exhausta pues en este estudio se establecieron diferencias para puntos clave como los motivos proteicos, pero no el comportamiento de cada enzima y como estas diferencias repercuten en el funcionamiento.
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