Overall impact of fevers of Zika and Chikungunya in Colombia and South America: General analysis of the viruses and its importance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2390-0512/bioc..2.2566Keywords:
Virus, Zika fever, Chikungunya fever, Epidemic, Infection, Vaccine, Antiviral AgentsAbstract
Viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality, an experience that has manifested itself throughout history. A specific case is AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) caused by HIV, which becomes deadly without proper treatment. Other serious diseases such as hepatitis or encephalitis are also caused by viruses. In this context, the recurrence of viral diseases in tropical countries is threatening to become pandemics, specifically the fevers of Zika and Chikungunya. Among the most affected countries in South America are Brazil and Colombia, hence the need to carry out a review to show the number of people affected, the symptoms and the treatments performed, highlighting what remains to be determined of these diseases. We analyzed the preventive actions proposed by the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Health and reviewed the progress in the development of effective vaccines
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References
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3. Peñaranda J. Biología molecular de virus. 1 ed. Editorial universidad Nacional eun: Bogotá; 1996.
4. Cabello R. Microbiología y parasitología médica. 3 ed. Editorial medica panamericana: Cuidad de México; 2007.
5. Jordan MC, Jordan GW, Stevens JG, Miller G. Latent herpesviruses of humans. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1984; 100: 866–880.
6. Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Manchester LC. Ebola virus disease: Potential use of melatonin as a treatment. Journal of pineal research. 2014; 12: 456-460.
7. Hampton T. Vaccines Against Ebola and Marburg Viruses Show Promise in Primates Studies. Medical News and Perspectives. JAMA.2005; 294 (2): 1-15
8. Lewis T. How Do Doctors Test for Ebola? Staff Writer 2014. http://www.livescience.com/48141-how-doctors-test-for-ebola.html.
9. Kantor IN. Dengue, Zika y Chikungunya. Medicina (Buenos Aires). 2016; 76: 01-05.
10. Rivera García O. Aedes aegypti, virus dengue, chinkugunia, zika y el cambio climático. Máxima alerta médica y oficial. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria. 2014; 57: 01-10.
11. Besnard M, Eyrolle-Guignot D, Guillemette-Artur P, Lastere S, Bost-Bezeaud F, Marcelis L, et al. Congenital cerebral malformations and dysfunction in fetuses and newborns following the 2013 to 2014 Zika virus epidemic in French Polynesia. Euro Surveill. 2016; 21(13).
12. Gao F, Rodenburg CM, Michael SF. Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes. Nature. 1999;397: 436-441
13. Delgado RA. El agente etiológico que produce que produce el SIDA. In: ASERCOMI SL, ed. SIDA, un problema de todos. Perspectivas para el próximo milenio. Madrid, 1998:127.
14. Delgado RA. De donde procede el VIH. Como llegó al hombre. In: ASERCOMI SL, ed. SIDA, un problema de todos. Perspectivas para el próximo milenio. Madrid, 1998:128.
15. CDC. Arbovirus Catalog. En: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/arbocat/
16. OPS/OMS. Dengue en las Américas. En: http://www.bvsde.paho.org/bvsasv/e/fulltext/dengue1/dengue1.html
17. Avilés G, Rangeon G, Baroni P. Epidemia por virus Dengue-2 en Salta, Argentina, 1998. Medicina (B Aires) 2000; 60: 875-879.
18. McCrae AW, Henderson BE, Kirya BG, Sempala SD. Chikungunya virus in the Entebbe area of Uganda: isolations and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1971; 65 (2):152-168.
19. Fauci A, Morens DM. Zika virus in the Americas-Yet another arbovirus threat. Perspectives. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374:601-4.
20. Torres J, Codova L, Castro J, Rodriguez L, Saravia V, Arvelaez J, et al. Chikungunya fever: Atypical and lethal cases in the western hemisphere. A Venezuelan experience. ID Cases. 2015; 2:6-10.
21. Duffy MR. Zika virus outbreak on Yap Island, federated states of Micronesia. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009; 360 (24): 2536-2543.
22. Mattar S, González M. Now is the time for the Zika virus. Revista MVZ Córdoba. 2015; 20 (2): 4511-4512.
23. Dick, GW, Kitchen, Sf, Haddow AJ. Zika virus (I). Isolations and serological specificity. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1952; 46 (5): 509-520.
24. Marchette NJ. Isolation of Zika virus from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Malaysia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1969; 18 (3): 411-415.
25. Laerte Pinto JV, Luz K, Parreira R, Ferrinao P. Zika virus: A review to clinicians. Acta Med Port. 2015; 28: 760-768.
26. Olson, JG, Ksiazek TG. Zika virus, a cause of fever in Central Java, Indonesia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1981; 75(3): 389-393.
27. Ramírez MC. Epidemia por el virus del zika: un reto para los sistemas de salud de las Americas. Boletín del Instituto Nacional de Salud. 2016; 22: 1-3.
28. Weinbren MP. Williams, M. C. Zika virus: further isolations in the Zika area, and some studies on the strains isolated. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1958; 5(3): 263-268.
29. Lanciotti RS. Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14 (8): 1232-9.
30. Mlakar J. Zika virus associated with microcephaly. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016; 374 (10): 951-958.
31. Musso, D. Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus. Emerging infectious diseases, 2015; 21 (2): 359.
32. World Health Organization. WHO. Screening, assessment and management of neonates and infants with complications associated with Zika virus exposure in utero Interim guidance update. 30 June 2016, WHO/ZIKV/MOC/16.3 Rev.2.
33. Carey DE. Chikungunya and dengue: a case of mistaken identity? J. Hist. Med. Allied Sci. 1971; 26: 243–262.
34. Powers AM, Logue CH. Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re- emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 2007; 88: 2363–2377.
35. Nag LC. Hapuarachchi HC. Infection, Genetics and Evolution Tracing the path of Chikungunya virus — Evolution and adaptation. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2010; 10(7): 876–885.
36. Weaver SC, Forrester NL. Chikungunya: Evolutionary history and recent epidemic spread. Antiviral Research. 2015; 120: 32–39.
37. Powers AM, Brault AC, Tesh RB, Weaver SC. Re-emergence of Chikungunya and Onyong-onyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships. J. Gen. Virol. 2000; 81: 471–479.
38. Powell JR, Tabachnick WJ. History of domestication and spread of Aedes aegypti – a review. Mem. Inst. Suppl; 108 (1): 201311–17.
39. Coffey LL. Failloux AB. Weaver SC. Chikungunya virus-vector interactions. Viruses. 2014; 6, 4628–4663.
40. Volk, S.M., Chen, R., Tsetsarkin, K.A., Adams, A.P., Garcia, T.I., Sall, A.A., Nasar, F., Schuh, A.J., Holmes, E.C., Higgs, S., Maharaj, P.D., Brault, A.C., Weaver, S.C., 2010. Genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus reveal independent emergences of recent epidemics and various evolutionary rates. J. Virol. 84, 6497–6504.
41. Schuffenecker I, Iteman I, Michault A, Murri S, Frangeul L, Vaney MC, et al. Genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak. PLoS Med. 2006; 3: 263-273.
42. Soni M, Kumar-Singh A, Sharma S, Agarwal A, Gopalan N, Rao L, et al. Molecular and Virological Investigation of a Focal Chikungunya Outbreak in Northern India. The ScientificWorld Journal. 2013; Vol 2013: 01-06.
43. Pastorino B, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Bessaud M, Tock F, Tolou H, Durand JP. Epidemic resurgence of Chikungunya virus in Democratic Republic of the Congo: Identification of a new central African strain. J Med Virol. 2004; 4(2): 277-282.
44. Wardrop NA. Integrated epidemiology for vector-borne zoonoses. Trans R Soc Trop Md Hyg 2016; 110: 87-89.
45. Diallo M, Thonnon J, Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D. Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: Current data and transmission cycles. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999; 60: 281-286.
46. Dupont-Rouzeyrol M, Caro V, Guillaumot L, Vazeille M, D’Ortenzio E, Thiberge JM, et al. Chikungunya virus and the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti in New Caledonia (South Pacific Region). Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012; 12(12):1036-1042.
47. Conde M, Orjuela LI, Castellanos CA, et al. Evaluación de la sensibilidad a insecticidas en poblaciones de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) del Departamento de Caldas, Colombia, en 2007 y 2011. Biomedica 2015; 35: 43-52.
48. M.Vazeille, S.Moutailler,D.Coudrier. Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus. PLoS ONE. 2007; 2 (11):1168.
49. World Health Organization. WHO statement on the first meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR 2005) Emergency Committee on Zika virus and observed increase in neurological disorders and neonatal malformations. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/
50. García de Figueiredo M, Moraes Figueiredo LT. Emerging alphaviruses in the Americas: Chikungunya and Mayaro. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2014; 47(6):677-83.
51. Laerte Pinto JV, Luz K, Parreira R, Ferrinao P. Zika virus: A review to clinicians. Acta Med Port 2015, 28: 760-5.
52. Tovar ZM, Bolívar SA, Maestre-Serrano R. Chikungunya: aspectos generales de una enfermedad emergente en Colombia. 2015; 10 (1): 75 – 88.
53. Werner H, Fazecas T, Guedes B, Lopes Dos Santos J, Daltro P, Tonni G, et al. Intrauterine Zika virus infection and microcephaly: correlation of perinatal imaging and threedimensional virtual physical models. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47(5):657-560.
54. Mareze VA, Borio CS, Bilen MF, et al. Tests in mice of a dengue vaccine candidate made of chimeric Junin virus-like particles and conserved dengue virus envelope sequences. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016; 100: 125-133.
55. Yergolkar PN, Tandale BV, Arankalle VA. Chikungunya outbreaks caused by African genotype, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006. 12 (10) 1580–1583.
56. Arankalle VA, Shrivastava S, Cherian S. Genetic divergence of Chikungunya viruses in India (1963–2006) with special reference to the 2005-2006 explosive epidemic. Journal of General Virology. 2007; 88 (7) 1967–1976.
57. Casos del virus del Zika en Colombia ya superaron los 70.000. El País. Abril 24, 2016. http://www.elpais.com.co/elpais/colombia/noticias/casos-virus-zika-colombia-ya-superaron-70000
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2016-06-21
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How to Cite
Overall impact of fevers of Zika and Chikungunya in Colombia and South America: General analysis of the viruses and its importance. (2016). Biociencias, 11(2), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.18041/2390-0512/bioc..2.2566
