El acetaminofén: contaminante emergente en el agua y su degradación a través del uso de microorganismos: Revisión bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2323-0320/microciencia..2023.12592Palabras clave:
N-acetil-paminofenol, N-acetil-p-benzoquinona imina, contaminantes emergentes, PTARsResumen
Durante las últimas décadas debido al aumento poblacional y al crecimiento de la industria, se ha reportado la aparición de contaminantes de interés emergente (CECs) en aguas superficiales, aguas subterráneas y en agua potable. Estos CECs hacen alusión a compuestos orgánicos provenientes de las actividades humanas, estos pueden acumularse de un nivel trófico a otro en las especies marinas, recorriendo la cadena alimentaria y aumentando su toxicidad a medida que transcurre el tiempo, llegando a sobrepasar los límites tolerables por los seres vivos; de igual forma, pueden llegar a encontrarse en aguas superficiales y agua potable. Uno de los fármacos más recetado y comercializado en Colombia es el acetaminofén (APAP), el cual es un analgésico y antipirético que se utiliza para tratar la fiebre y el dolor, por lo que es uno de los fármacos más encontrados en el agua. Desde hace algún tiempo se han desarrollado técnicas para degradar el APAP empleando métodos químicos de oxidación como la ozonización y la fotocatálisis. Sin embargo, estos procesos de oxidación conllevan la producción de subproductos no deseados y peligrosos para el medioambiente. Por esta razón, diferentes autores buscan promover métodos de degradación biológica por vías catalíticas a través del uso de microorganismos, para el aprovechamiento de estos desechos en la producción de biomasa. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo reconocer las características químicas del APAP, los efectos tóxicos que conllevan su presencia en el agua y los mecanismos actuales para su degradación.
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