Celdas microbianas de combustible: Fundamentos y aplicaciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2323-0320/microciencia..2023.12591Palabras clave:
Biolectrogénesis, metabolismo, microorganismos, biodegradación, celda de combustible microbianaResumen
En este documento se establecen los aspectos de mayor importancia que incide sobre una celda microbiana de combustible (MFC), tratando temáticas tales como el metabolismo y el proceso de generación de energía por parte de microorganismos electrogénicos, la arquitectura, aplicaciones y limitación de este producto biotecnológico. En el último siglo, estos sistemas bioelectroquímicos han sido de gran interés en la investigación debió a que la bioenergía es una energía renovable que desempeña un papel vital en la creciente demanda energética actual y las MFC pueden utilizar diversos sustratos tanto sólidos (compuestos orgánicos, lodos, sedimentos marinos, subproductos agroindustriales) como líquidos (aguas residuales, orina). La celda microbiana de combustible ofrece la posibilidad de convertir compuestos orgánicos en electricidad mediante el metabolismo de dichos microorganismos al crear subproductos, entre los que están diferentes iones que son liberados hacia el medio extracelular. En estos dispositivos se coloca un electrodo como aceptor final para captar los electrones que liberan los microorganismos al degradar la materia orgánica. Este artículo busca establecer parámetros básicos de lo que son los microorganismos electrogénicos y su aplicación en la creación de baterías de combustible microbiano
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