Desarrollo y evolución de los sistemas hidropónicos en agricultura protegida: un análisis cienciométrico y una revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.18041/2619-4465/interfaces.2.13400Palabras clave:
Hidroponía, Agricultura protegida, Análisis cienciométrico, SostenibilidadResumen
La agricultura tradicional enfrenta limitaciones crecientes para abordar desafíos globales como el cambio climático, la escasez de agua y la degradación del suelo. En este contexto, los sistemas hidropónicos han surgido como una alternativa eficiente y sostenible dentro de la agricultura protegida. A pesar de su expansión en las últimas décadas, aún no se ha realizado una revisión exhaustiva que analice su evolución desde una perspectiva cronológica y cienciométrica. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es reconstruir la trayectoria histórica y tecnológica de los sistemas hidropónicos aplicados en entornos de invernadero. Para lograrlo, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, basada en 545 publicaciones científicas indexadas en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science (WoS) entre 2004 y 2024. Los resultados revelan una evolución desde métodos convencionales hacia sistemas altamente automatizados e integrados con tecnologías digitales, como el Internet de las cosas (IoT). El análisis identifica a China y Estados Unidos como los líderes en producción científica, y destaca la importancia de optimizar el uso de los recursos hídricos y la nutrición mineral. Este estudio proporciona una visión estructurada de los avances en hidroponía, subrayando su potencial para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y promover una producción agrícola resiliente y eficiente.
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