Lecciones del Zika y de una Bahía Azul
Resumen
Dos fenómenos de actualidad en Cartagena en estos días de finales de enero de 2016, uno negativo y otro positivo, son respectivamente la alta incidencia de Zika y una bahía bellamente azul que probablemente se extenderá hasta el mes de marzo y la ocurrencia de ambos eventos no es simple coincidencia sino que ambos son consecuencia de (entre otros factores también incidentes) un factor en común muy especial, el fenómeno de El Niño (caracterizado por el calentamiento de la superficie central y occidental del Océano Pacífico Ecuatorial).
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Referencias
Cayre, A., & Rodríguez, M. ) Magnitud del problema a nivel mundial.
Díaz, M., Manuel, J., & Gómez López, D. I. (2003). Cambios históricos en la distribución y abundancia de praderas de pastos marinos en la bahía de Cartagena y áreas aledañas (Colombia). Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR, 32(1), 57-74.
Dick GWA, Kitchen SF, Haddow AJ.(1952) Zika virus. I. Isolations and serological specificity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 46(5):509-20.
García, O. R. (2014). Aedes aegypti, virus dengue, chinkugunia, zika y el cambio climático. Máxima alerta médica y oficial. REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria, 15(10), 1-10.
OMS, (2015) Documento recuperado el 20 de enero de 2016 en https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/ED/VSP/Zica-Mayo-2015-Analisis-Riesgo.pdf
Dick, O. B., San Martín, J. L., Montoya, R. H., del Diego, J., Zambrano, B., & Dayan, G. H. (2012). The history of dengue outbreaks in the Americas.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 87(4), 584-593. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3516305/
Patz, J. A., Githeko, A. K., McCarty, J. P., Hussein, S., Confalonieri, U., & De Wet, N. (2003). Climate change and infectious diseases. Climate change and human health: risks and responses, 103-37. http:// www.who.int/globalchange/publications/climatechangechap6.pdf
Poveda, G, et al. Climate and ENSO variability associated with vector-borne diseases in Colombia. El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 183-204. http://users.clas.ufl.edu/prwaylen/geo3280articles/Poveda.pdf
Gagnon, A.S., Bush, A.B.G., Smoyer-Tomic, K.E. (2001) Dengue epidemics and the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Clim. Res., 19, 35-43. https://www.ualberta.ca/~abush/clim.res2001.pdf
Gubler, D. J. (2011). Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21 st century. Tropical medicine and health, 39(4SUPPLEMENT), S3-S11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317603/
Rueda, L. M., Patel, K. J., Axtell, R. C., & Stinner, R. E. (1990). Temperature-dependent development and survival rates of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of medical entomology, 27(5), 892-898. http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/5/892
Brady, Oliver J., et al. “Modelling adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus survival at different temperatures in laboratory and field settings.” Parasites & vectors 6.1 (2013): 1-12.
Lounibos, L. P. (2002). Invasions by insect vectors of human disease. Annual review of entomology, 47(1), 233-266. http://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-6-351
Ramos, M. M., Mohammed, H., Zielinski-Gutierrez, E., Hayden, M. H., Lopez, J. L. R., Fournier, M., ... & Banicki, A. A. (2008). Epidemic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever at the Texas–Mexico border: results of a household-based seroepidemiologic survey, December 2005. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78(3), 364-369. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337327
Lima, A., Lovin, D. D., Hickner, P. V., & Severson, D. W. (2016). Evidence for an Overwintering Population of Aedes aegypti in Capitol Hill Neighborhood, Washington, DC. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 94(1), 231-235. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26526922
Gubler, D. J. (2011). Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21 st century. Tropical medicine and health, 39(4SUPPLEMENT), S3-S11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317603/
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tmh/39/4SUPPLEMENT/39_2011-S05/_pdf
Cai, W., Borlace, S., Lengaigne, M., Van Rensch, P., Collins, M., Vecchi, G., Timmermann, A., Santoso, A., McPhaden, M.J., Wu, L. & England, M. H. (2014). Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 4(2), 111-116. http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n2/full/nclimate2100.html
Liu, H., Weng, Q., & Gaines, D. (2008). Spatio-temporal analysis of the relationship between WNV dissemination and environmental variables in Indianapolis, USA. International Journal of Health Geographics, 7(1), 1. http://ij-healthgeographics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-072X-7-66
Cleckner, H., & Allen, T. R. (2014). Dasymetric Mapping and Spatial Modeling of Mosquito Vector Exposure, Chesapeake, Virginia, USA. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 3(3), 891-913. http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/3/3/891/htm
Dick, G. W. (1952). Zika virus, pathogenicity and physical properties. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 46 (5): 521-533). http://trstmh.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/5/521.full.pdf
Díaz, M., Manuel, J., & Gómez López, D. I. (2003). Cambios históricos en la distribución y abundancia de praderas de pastos marinos en la bahía de Cartagena y áreas aledañas (Colombia). Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras-INVEMAR, 32(1), 57-74.
Dick GWA, Kitchen SF, Haddow AJ.(1952) Zika virus. I. Isolations and serological specificity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 46(5):509-20.
García, O. R. (2014). Aedes aegypti, virus dengue, chinkugunia, zika y el cambio climático. Máxima alerta médica y oficial. REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria, 15(10), 1-10.
OMS, (2015) Documento recuperado el 20 de enero de 2016 en https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/ED/VSP/Zica-Mayo-2015-Analisis-Riesgo.pdf
Dick, O. B., San Martín, J. L., Montoya, R. H., del Diego, J., Zambrano, B., & Dayan, G. H. (2012). The history of dengue outbreaks in the Americas.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 87(4), 584-593. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3516305/
Patz, J. A., Githeko, A. K., McCarty, J. P., Hussein, S., Confalonieri, U., & De Wet, N. (2003). Climate change and infectious diseases. Climate change and human health: risks and responses, 103-37. http:// www.who.int/globalchange/publications/climatechangechap6.pdf
Poveda, G, et al. Climate and ENSO variability associated with vector-borne diseases in Colombia. El Niño and the Southern Oscillation. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 183-204. http://users.clas.ufl.edu/prwaylen/geo3280articles/Poveda.pdf
Gagnon, A.S., Bush, A.B.G., Smoyer-Tomic, K.E. (2001) Dengue epidemics and the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Clim. Res., 19, 35-43. https://www.ualberta.ca/~abush/clim.res2001.pdf
Gubler, D. J. (2011). Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21 st century. Tropical medicine and health, 39(4SUPPLEMENT), S3-S11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317603/
Rueda, L. M., Patel, K. J., Axtell, R. C., & Stinner, R. E. (1990). Temperature-dependent development and survival rates of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of medical entomology, 27(5), 892-898. http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/5/892
Brady, Oliver J., et al. “Modelling adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus survival at different temperatures in laboratory and field settings.” Parasites & vectors 6.1 (2013): 1-12.
Lounibos, L. P. (2002). Invasions by insect vectors of human disease. Annual review of entomology, 47(1), 233-266. http://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-3305-6-351
Ramos, M. M., Mohammed, H., Zielinski-Gutierrez, E., Hayden, M. H., Lopez, J. L. R., Fournier, M., ... & Banicki, A. A. (2008). Epidemic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever at the Texas–Mexico border: results of a household-based seroepidemiologic survey, December 2005. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 78(3), 364-369. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18337327
Lima, A., Lovin, D. D., Hickner, P. V., & Severson, D. W. (2016). Evidence for an Overwintering Population of Aedes aegypti in Capitol Hill Neighborhood, Washington, DC. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 94(1), 231-235. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26526922
Gubler, D. J. (2011). Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21 st century. Tropical medicine and health, 39(4SUPPLEMENT), S3-S11. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317603/
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tmh/39/4SUPPLEMENT/39_2011-S05/_pdf
Cai, W., Borlace, S., Lengaigne, M., Van Rensch, P., Collins, M., Vecchi, G., Timmermann, A., Santoso, A., McPhaden, M.J., Wu, L. & England, M. H. (2014). Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming. Nature Climate Change, 4(2), 111-116. http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n2/full/nclimate2100.html
Liu, H., Weng, Q., & Gaines, D. (2008). Spatio-temporal analysis of the relationship between WNV dissemination and environmental variables in Indianapolis, USA. International Journal of Health Geographics, 7(1), 1. http://ij-healthgeographics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-072X-7-66
Cleckner, H., & Allen, T. R. (2014). Dasymetric Mapping and Spatial Modeling of Mosquito Vector Exposure, Chesapeake, Virginia, USA. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 3(3), 891-913. http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/3/3/891/htm
Dick, G. W. (1952). Zika virus, pathogenicity and physical properties. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 46 (5): 521-533). http://trstmh.oxfordjournals.org/content/46/5/521.full.pdf
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Publicado
2020-10-06
Número
Sección
Empresa y Sociedad
Cómo citar
Moreno Madriñán, M. J. (2020). Lecciones del Zika y de una Bahía Azul. Gerencia Libre, 4, 126-131. https://revistas.unilibre.edu.co/index.php/gerencia_libre/article/view/6815
