Prevalence and factors associated with Infections associated with health care in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Neiva 2016-2017

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with health care associated infections (HAI) in patients admitted to an intensive care unit in the city of Neiva during the years 2016-2017. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional, analytical, observational study was carried out. It was defined as observational research by not having intervention with the patients and analytical by establishing a relationship between the risk factors described and the nosocomial infections identified. The study population includes all patients admitted to the ICU for the established time who meet the inclusion criteria. Intrinsic, extrinsic and microorganism-related factors were considered. An initial descriptive statistic was performed with the calculation of measures, SD, mean and the calculation of frequencies. Results and Conclusions: During 2016 and 2017, 157 patients were admitted to the ICU in a hospital in the city of Neiva. Of these, 29 (32%) acquired IAAS. It was reported that in equal proportion men and women contracted these infections, prevailing in the population over 60 years of age. The patients who suffered at least one infection associated with health care in the ICU service in the study period were 6 (31%) and those who suffered more than one HAI were 23 (79%). The most important risk factors for the acquisition of IAAS in the study refer to the procedures that occur during hospitalization: the use of a central venous catheter, urinary catheter, endotracheal intubation and artificial mechanical ventilation. Gram negative germs were found to have high resistance to cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin, while Gram positive germs showed resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline