Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2390-0512/biociencias.1.10597Keywords:
type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk, glycemic control, comprehensive approachAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a group of chronic and complex metabolic disorders characterized by sustained hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), the significant insulin resistance that occurs at the level of all organs, especially peripheral tissues, is of great importance.
DM2 is a public health problem with a rising prevalence, projected to affect around 629 million people by 2045. As a result, the ADA 2022 guidelines recommend that screening for diabetes and prediabetes should begin at the age of 35 for all individuals. The management of DM2 requires the application of multifactorial strategies that go beyond glycemic control, aiming for a comprehensive approach to delay the onset of complications and optimize the quality of life for people with the disease, following goals under the SMART strategy (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-limited). This ensures proper overall control of the disease, its comorbidities, and its complications, thereby preventing its progression and the burden it represents for different healthcare systems. This review provides an update on DM2, focusing specifically on glycemic control and the comprehensive approach that these patients should receive.
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