¿Lo que comemos puede cambiar la expresión de nuestros genes?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2390-0512/biociencias.2.9655Palabras clave:
Epigenética, nutrición, expresión génica, dieta, enfermedadResumen
Se ha denominado epigenética al estudio de procesos moleculares heredables y reversibles que regulan la expresión génica sin afectar directamente la secuencia del ADN. Estos procesos moleculares pueden estar sujetos a variaciones dependientes del ambiente como lo es la calidad de la dieta, lo que está siendo objeto de amplio estudio al reflejar mayor predisposición al desarrollo de enfermedades o la protección de las mismas ante el influjo de hábitos alimentarios específicos. A este respecto, algunos constituyentes de vitaminas, minerales y fitoquímicos se les empieza a denominar alimentos epigenéticos al tener la capacidad de modular la expresión de genes asociados a enfermedad, por lo que surge un novedoso concepto y alternativa terapéutica como lo es la nutrición de precisión. De esta manera, la programación de sistemas fisiológicos podría intervenirse a través de hábitos dietarios beneficiosos que impacten sobre la descendencia de madres obesas hasta reprogramaciones epigenéticas beneficiosas en pacientes malnutridos.
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