La toxoplasmosis congénita: riesgos, epidemiología, diagnóstico y manifestaciones clínicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18041/2390-0512/biociencias.2.13672Palabras clave:
Zoonosis, transmisión vertical, toxoplasmosis congénita , embarazo, epidemiología, prevención, salud públicaResumen
La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad zoonótica presente a nivel mundial causada por Toxoplasma gondii, un parásito de la familia Apicomplexa. Su ciclo de vida involucra huéspedes definitivos, como los felinos, e intermediarios, incluidos los humanos. La infección puede adquirirse por ingestión de carne contaminada, exposición a ooquistes en el ambiente, transfusiones o transmisión vertical. En individuos inmunocompetentes, la enfermedad suele ser asintomática; sin embargo, en personas inmunocomprometidas o en mujeres embarazadas, puede provocar complicaciones graves. La toxoplasmosis congénita (TPC) es una de las formas más peligrosas, pudiendo causar daños neurológicos y oftálmicos severos en el feto. A pesar de su impacto, el conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo y prevención sigue siendo insuficiente. Esta revisión analiza la epidemiología, prevalencia, manifestaciones clínicas y riesgos asociados a la toxoplasmosis adquirida en el embarazo y la toxoplasmosis congénita.
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