This study pretends humbly to know the individual who tries to penetrate in the world of the history of the ideas: path, process and result of the intellectuals in different geographic spots and the knowledge. A concise path with no details on the support of the diverse bibliographic resources; invoke many intellectuals from Latin America, Colombia and in Boyacá; deducting that the field of work is huge and requires dedication, certainty and passion for the interest and purpose of sailing in the space of knowledge and the new one that intellectuals have generated along the last years.

Hroch, (2020) affirm that;

In a consistent direction, Scholtes (2019) explores the question of the concept of Constituent power in the light of recent constitutional developments in countries with populist governments. It attempts to outline and contrast conceptions of constituent power as inherent in liberal constitutionalist and populist thinking, respectively. While constitutionalists draw heavily upon Kelsenian normativism in framing the way political power is generated, populists juxtapose this with a concept of constituent power that is inspired by Carl Schmitt's 'decisionist' view. The complacency of legality inherent in liberal constitutionalist thinking is susceptible to a populist challenge that draws attention to the necessity for the social embed deadness of any legal order. Populism, it is argued, exposes a core tension inherent in constitutionalism: How do constitutionalists reconcile their democratic aspirations with the simultaneous preclusion of certain political choices from the democratic realm? Populists can attack constitutionalism also because of the deficient conception of constituent power that underlies the latter. The article concludes that, where challenged by populists, public law can at some point no longer rely on its own force to defend itself. Its authority needs to be re-established from an extra- legal, prepositive perspective. In an era of political populism, constitutionalist public law becomes a discourse that can challenge populism by means of the powerful reasons that inhere in the former.

On the other hand, without losing the meaning of the analysis object of studio "administrative profiles of intellectuals from the modern age" Kelly, (2018), states that;

Lawson, Bikundo, & Tranter, K. (2019), points out,

Habermas's counter to this is that: 'as long as all citizens enjoy equal rights and nobody suffers discrimination, there is no compelling normative reason to secede from the larger political community'.42 Moreover, and most relevant to the present discussion, for Habermas, that view fits in with both the Charter of the United Nations and the resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, all of which do not employ the 'concept of ''people'' in the ethnic sense'.43 For Habermas, discursive forums can be inclusive of heterogeneous parties, and retain actual power, provided foundational rules of equality are maintained (p. 7)

As well, Hinchman, (2012) claims that;

Lawson, Girola, (2018) points out,

Furthermore, it must be taken into account that the various classes and groups of a society might base their activity on different ideas and expectations, at any given time. Then, people and groups should find their raison and sustain their emotions and longings in different Imaginaries as unconscious and implicit, that operate as assumptions of background, but which can be perceived through the discourses and representations to which they come to express them

The intellectuals from Latin America some, to avoid saying almost all of them have drunk from the European fountains, in all the senses and meanings but the plural number of them it is not far away from the reality of their geographic space. In a historic tour that goes from the beginning of the XX century to the decade of the 80's, since the same conception of the revolution as an idea and as experience for the scholars, in many cases in directions even in the obligatory exile or voluntary because of the way of thinking and doing to the contemporary ones.

Intellectual nets are characterized, hatched by meetings, trips, books, magazines and letters that have emerged in the middle of the knowledge and thinking battle in the modern societies or as a way to gather and organize the intelligence, understanding politic as an object of study, worry and duty of some intellectuals among other topics of connote importance and according to the vanguard.

Bedoya, (2016) presents a research in which;

Intellectuals are those persons who develop a related activity to the faculties of the human intelligence, in the way of their influence in the reality, looking for an authority status in society. There are many aspects addressed with the objective to support the context of the intellectuals, giving a place to the daring thinkers and the political thinkers in the perspective of Mark Lilia, heading by the history of intellectuals in Latin America in the XX century getting to the ideological profiles in Colombia in the same XX century even more in states scenarios like Boyacá.

The research is approached from the qualitative-hermeneutic paradigm, due to it aims to find answers from the researchers themselves to suitable questions about the ideological profiles of intellectuals in contemporary times (Gamboa, Lago and Hernández, 2016). The objective of the documentary review is to focus on searching, observing and evidencing in Latin American countries, in order to analyze the ideological profiles of intellectuals in contemporary times and a systematic review of the literature is supported.

Hernández, Fernández and Baptista (2014) mention that the information obtained through a systematized instrument can define units and categorize them so that it is feasible to interpret and analyze them. Therefore, it was sought to define organized and significant components for the construction of this theoretical review (Quoted by García, Ruge and Quintero, 2016).

In Ricoeur's (1987) perspective, classical hermeneutics is defined as the theory of the rules governing an exegesis, that is, an interpretation of a particular text or a collection of signs susceptible of being considered as a text. In this perspective, one of the basic concepts is the "hermeneutic circle" which describes the movement between the interpreter's way of being and the being that is revealed by the text. The documentary review presents a non-experimental design; In other words, these are studies in which we do not vary the variables; what is done is to observe phenomena as they occur in their natural context, in order to subsequently analyze them. Hernández, Fernández and Baptista (2014).

Daring thinkers; intellectuals of the politics: Mark Lilia, in his text: Daring thinkers show in the study of deep inquiring of six intellectuals in the XX century. The book "recalls and analyzes the way of many influent thinkers who succumb, in different degree, to the fascination of totalitarian power, their charismatic leaders or their messianic ideologies" (Lilia, 2001: 2). The book is conforming by six independent essays aforementioned to: Martín Heidegger (In the look of Karl Jaspers and Hannah Haredt), Carl Schmitt, Walter Benjamín, Alexandre Kojeve, Michel Foucault and Jacques Derriba. In the table N° 1, it is itemized in a generic way the relevant aspects of each chapter and the reciprocity of each thinker. The first two essays are related to the Nazi affiliation of Heidegger and Schmitt, the rest tell the influence almost irresistible to the totalitarian trend, Marxism and the deep trace that in the last decades of the century left Hegel, Nietzsche in the structuralism.

Table N° 1.

Source: Own work, compiling information from the book: Pensadores temerarios: Los intelectuales en la Política by Mark Lilia.

Mark Lilia stablished that "the intellectual situation at the beginning of the XXI century it is not promising. It is almost impossible to dialogue with the chorus: their hopeless nihilistic, relativistic and cynic about the liberal feeble and oppressive order impede communication...by another parts, we attend to the traditional intellectual desperation, creator of big design and ideas. ..." (Lilia, 2001: 8)

The systematic study of six intellectuals in the politic field, Mark Lilia analyzes the other obverse of the coin, it means, everything which is not easy to understand but the author indicates that it is not the intention of his work to offer to readers more reasons to depreciate those figures as if they were personalities far beyond the integrity limits. It stablishes that it pretends all the opposite and it is about an attraction and understanding for his works.

Rodríguez, (2018) performs "from the transformation of each subject into an entrepreneur of himself" presents one reflection on the possibilities and limits of contemporary intellectual work. Following Walter Benjamin in his essay, "The author as a producer", the condition of the university intellectual worker is analyzed, subject to constant measurement. This is because the circulation of what is called "critical theory" also develops as a market with its own producers and consumers under the logic of the theory of value wielded by Marx, which provides the accumulation of capital as He criticizes it. However, it is not a question of condemning this situation, but of making explicit the ambivalence of the place of the critical intellectual under the neoliberal university condition. The university, therefore, would be one of the main areas of resistance, where the concept of the communality and alternative means of spreading knowledge could be used as weapons to wage the battle against the commodification of critical thinking.

History of the intellectuals in Latin America: the avatars of a literate city in the XX century: the academic analysis of the inquiry of the written present motivates and promotes the interest to go deep and in a general and quick way in some intellectuals of Latin America and their contributions of long term have located his name in the history of the ideas.

In the perception of D'yakova, (2020), it is expressed that:

And of Altamirano's perspective (2008), develops a detail about intellectuals in Latin America from the colony to the XX century. Considering the cultural elites have conformed in important actors of the Latin America history, maintaining a relationship between cultural metropolis and local traditions; from that way of development the dominance of ideas, art, literature and politics well known in the subcontinent, it means, in the activities and recognized productions as cultural, but also the dominance of politic history.

The idea of intellectual "has a history in development in different social, cultural and politic contexts. Neither that one which grew instantly, with no parents nor traditions" (Altamirano, 2008: 15). The fact we do not count with a general history of the groups of intellectuals in our countries does not mean it has not been talked or written about them, about their role in the past and their mission in the present.

On the contrary, Altamirano (2008) affirm quit; "around these questions there have been built many genealogies that provided long term models and images for identifying the intellectuals. At least until the middle of the XX century, the conception of literate man as secular apostle, teacher of the people or the nation, maybe was the most powerful of those models that incarnate the appropriate example to admire and imitate"

Wolf wrote (1992): "the intellectual is a traveler, but from time to time wants to be the engine driver as well". In Latin America and in the late of the XIX century that sphere of the intellectual culture was under control of the men, "were descendants of wealthy families, heirs of a cultural capital or self-taught sons of their Works, like Sarmiento. The women would not participate in it separately. Just since then, even slowly and overall since the second term of the XX century. That supremacy started to decrease" (Altamirano, 2008)

In Latin America "intellectuals are usually consulted by the mass media on the purpose of the most diverse current events and as the idea as the image of the high profile intellectual has been installed in our countries, with the same critic value as the notion generalized itself in another parts" (Altamirano, 2008)

In the book: History of the intellectuals in Latin America and as a director Carlos Altamirano and Editor Jorge Myers, in the Volume I, show: the literate city, from the conquest to the modernism. In the table N° 2, it is developed a brief mention of each one of the chapters and authors of the book.

Table N° 2.

Source: Own work with compiled information from the book: Historia de los Intelectuales en America Latina de Carlos Altamirano

Altamirano (2008) expresses that, "over the base of these temporary cuts, it was tried to find, in the most possible way topics that cross societies, the cultures, the national political frameworks that allow with betraying the particularity of each one of these spaces, to make visible and understandable the meeting point and the differences between intellectual fellowships" (Altamirano, 2008: 25), that could be from Latin America or even more external to the continent.

From the perspective of Ibarra, (2020) refers;

Gouveia, R. (2017), highlights that in:

In the Atehortúa's perspective (2005), proposes that "ideas that develop in the intellectual and politic world in Latin America, along the XIX and XX centuries, not just point out and discuss the perspective of the continent, but, somehow, equally, tells and reflects it" (Atehortúa, 2005: 196). Cultural and political history places in a main spot the question of Works articulation, representations and practices, with divisions in the social world that, at the same time are incorporated and produced by the thoughts and behaviors.

In USA and Europe where intellectual history has had the proper development of conceptualization and definition of conductive methodologies to the ones nowadays we know as the new intellectual history;

In the history if ideas or history of intellectuals in Latin America that is under construction, it is looking for a contribution to the recovery of some collective debates, just like some figures of the intellectual world of Latin America which deserve to be considered deeply and in a critic way;

According to the professors Granados & Morichal, quoted by Atehortua (2005) they express that "along the XX century, what we understand as Latin America was evolving and diversifying. Nowadays it has a main importance in the analysis of the permanent metamorphosis of this concept in function of transcendental phenomena as the growing globalization, the formation of supranational political blocks, the processes of economic integration of the region and the spot the Latin American people are looking for in the third millennium" (Atehortúa, 2005: 198).

Many questions are being the same as the ones suggested during long time by many generations of writers. The intellectuals of Latin America, leaving without outline a big number of them, it implies to take a retrospective and critic look to what many intellectuals from Latin America have written, to propel the knowledge and wisdom according to the reality of Latin America in every period of time and in every single area of knowledge.

In consequence of the failure of those ideologies from the nineteenth century arose the popular - reformist ideologies;

The democratic - revolutionary ideologies show the following ideas at a continental and national levels: uphold the principle of nation's free determination, they conceive the revolution as a rapid evolution to transform the socio - economic structures and the formation of its ideology it takes part some Marxist and nationalist concepts. Other ideologies that appeared in the political - ideological view in Latin America in the first decades of the XX century were Socialism and Communism.

Girola, (2018) conducts a Mexico-level study in which he works;

In the perspective of Restrepo, F.D. (2014) to continue in the understanding of intellectuals at the level of Latin America and from the perspective of Mexico, he refers to Alfonso Reyes, who;

Fuquen, & Olaya, (2018) declares that;

Moya, (2018), I analyses;

Between these concepts and figures, the political ideologies that have arisen in Latin America, with their thinkers, ideologist and intellectuals who have promoted their position in the society. Also in the diverse fields of knowledge: literary, academic, and scientific among others where their intellectual representatives have allowed every science to progress; crossing the borders of knowledge in each discipline.

Ideological profiles in Colombia in the XX century: related to the large number of Colombian intellectuals, Sánchez (1993), appoints to seven that according to him, "a set of essays gathered in this book Ideological profiles in Colombia, there participate with the effort to know and analyze the world of the ideas, in the ideological speeches presented in different personalities, books and thesis in our area" (Sánchez, 1993: 9). It is necessary to clarify that it is not about one totalitarian work, nor a general treaty about cultural and political ideologies in Colombia, nor a systematic history because it would be discriminatory.

According to Sánchez (1993), points that it is about a selection of national personality who helps to understand how the country and its culture does not reduce itself to the official or dominant, "profiles elaborated here are of the analytic positive kind, about individual personalities with whom it is wanted to highlight its contributions and fields of reflection all around freedom, social and cultural" (Sánchez, 1993). It is a meaningful handful of Colombian intelligence of what the text is about.

Table N° 3

Source: Own work with information compiled from the book: Perfiles Ideológicos en Colombia

In addition, Bedoya Sánchez, (2016) argues that;

The criticism against the politically committed intellectual focused on the fact that it did not contaminate the artistic work with its ideas and dogmas. The political man could always be respected, but not so the committed writer, and much less with "preconceptions" or common places, that is, with ideas that did not support the conscientious, scientific analysis of the arguments. In this sense, textual forms such as the note, the review and the English-style essay allowed young people to express their opinions without compromising their literary exercises. It is not by chance that they were the ones who undertook this March and textual struggle, since they were the ones who had to make a space for themselves in the intellectual panorama of the nation. Great foreign personalities served as an example when men of letters thought of themselves as intellectuals, and they even copied their mannerisms and tastes.

At present people are living dark and difficult times in Colombia, to make a try to develop the human and intellectual profiles of whom have contribute to maintain alive the passion for the rights and the democratic encouragement is a necessary duty, useful and thankful in academic life, to start is an excuse to look for an immersion in the huge numbers of Colombian intellectuals in different scenarios in the national life.

In the purpose to move, forward to scrutinize the life of intellectuals, which is a never-ending production, and construction of knowledge and actions for intellectuals that would be necessary an interdisciplinary team with the goal to discover in every science and discipline. We could mention just a representation of the socialists' theorists: Antonio García, Camilo Restrepo Torres and Orlando Fals Borda and of the solid movement of writers like Gabriel García Márquez, Eduardo Caballero Calderón, Fernando Soto Aparicio among others. Also politicians, literates, journalist, academics among others who have been part and somehow are the intellectuals of our country; who have dedicated their life to break the borders of knowledge and occupying a spot of authority that they have won because of their contribution to knowledge.

Men of ideas in Boyacá: the presence of distinguished men from Boyacá, it is looked in the military, political, socioeconomic literary, artistic, educative or religious of its most distinguished sons and representatives in the Colombian events in XIX and XX centuries, they allow to deduct the development of the histories of ideas of people from Boyacá and can be considered as intellectuals due to their contributions in the construction of knowledge in many different fields and scenarios of the Boyacá - Colombian society.

The historic managing of Boyacá, "in the two centuries of national consolidation, taught us a cyclic generational thinking through it we can appreciate the dynamic of history and the changes that have been happening generation by generation" (Ocampo, 1983: 224). History of societies is the result of the transformation of its actors from the expression of the thinking , action and the social validity in relation of the way the leaders and intellectuals of different disciplines which charge the development of every town in the searching for progress and future, wining authority in the public opinion due to the power not just in its conviction with words but of the ideas that express in the oral tradition, and the writing and that transcend in its listeners and readers.

In the historic tour through the last two, with Ocampo's support (1983), it is discovered the presence of seven generations (three of the XIX century and four of the XX century), counted by generational cycles of twenties and forties to consolidate the historic development of Boyacá. It is mentioned the generation of the distinguished sons of Boyacá who can be considered as intellectuals in different disciplines of knowledge.

Table N° 4

Source: Own work with compiled information of the book: Historia del pueblo boyacense de Ocampo (1983)

The historic tour along XIX and XX century, structured in seven generations, have allowed to settle the importance of the hand of the history of ideas of the intellectuals which have transcended at regional level in Boyacá according to the moment and the field of work: political, religious, literary among others and also the administrative space of administrative domination of the region: province, sovereign state, department. It means, in the context and scenario of action; the intellectual contributes to the academic society and in general, its position with arguments that have won authority and becomes in a demonstration of truth, it promotes and invokes the progress of its discipline.

In the study of the intellectuals in the second half of the XX century, it returns to them some performances of pessimism and optimism in the middle of the fight for the progress and advance in Boyacá who ask constantly for the rights they have in the national field, for that "new generations before the accelerated progress that arrives to Boyacá: the miner advance with big potentials in iron, coal, oil, emeralds...from the glory to the oblivion is the new motto of the people from Boyacá who claim big solutions for the many problems" (Ocampo, 1983:252).

Intellectuals from Boyacá have contributed in the regional scenario to Boyacá and of course, at a national level, some of them like Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot known worldwide with his contributions to the knowledge society and helping it to advance in the field of the historic magnitude and the science or discipline in which the contribution is enrolled.

Gomez (2011) is right to catalogue Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot as a first line colombianist. Gutiérrez Girardot is prefigured as "a foundation of intellectual culture of Colombia in the second half of the XX century, he is one of the most perseverant and deep studious con Colombia, one of the most penetrating critics and one of the most controverted even rejected figures of the Colombian intelligence". Gutiérrez Girardot could be considered as Colombian intellectual with most recognition worldwide despite of his departure at the age of 22 to Spain, coming back to Colombia just for few weeks, this discussion deserves special analysis because it can be classified as anti - Colombian, even though ex - Colombian since his excellent master recognition in Bonn.

Intellectuals from Boyacá in the field of literature in the XX century, is necessary to emphasize to Eduardo Caballero Calderon, his son Antonio Caballero, nowadays to Fernando Soto Aparicio among others who Little by Little and through time were going to legitimize their intellectual being and essence. Boyacá has contributed in the progress of science, politics, literature and almost all the fields of knowledge with excellent persons considered intellectuals due to their contributions that have transcended the borders of knowledge.

The historic development of the intellectuals which have been on topic in this study leads to interweave as precedent in the time to XIX century, but in the discussion it's outlined the XX century in general and particular: daring thinkers: intellectuals in politics, passing by Latin America, arriving to Colombia and Boyacá.

In the six intellectuals presented by Mark Lilia, has led to revise the contemporary intellectual confusing view, and showed a detailed study of six intellectuals in the field of politics. Along the XX century, the western liberal democracies have been described as sinister tempt; in some cases as the authentic cradles of tyrannies: the tyranny of capital, the imperialism, the liberal conformism, metaphysics, even the power of the language. It is necessary to ask in what Lilia's perspective was in the mind of those intellectuals and overall they looked for in politics.

In Latin America, the history of ideas has advance thanks to the countless intellectuals that in every scenario and discipline have contributed to the development of the knowledge and the progress of society in all the aspects that with their contributions have obtained authority in the public opinion. In Latin America perspective it can not be unaware the work that many studious led in front under the sign of Americanism, to admit that the image of the intellectuals as a devoted group to the cultural salvation of their communities, idealization added with American intelligence does not correspond to the exigencies of the historic knowledge. Latin America in relation with its intellectuals for sure has had more than one version and any of them motivates an edifying speech, not just when the intellectual spreads compliments but also as a purpose of reprobation.

In Colombia, the number of intellectuals in the way of correlation of the historic development is superior and meaning due to the contributions to the knowledge in different disciplines that is why, it was mentioned seven intellectuals: Antonio Caballero Holguín, Gerardo Molina, Otto Morales Benítez, Estanislao Zuleta, Diego Montaña Cuellar, Fernando Hinestrosa and Eduardo Umaña with the support of arguments coming up by Sanchez (1993), who is not discriminatory but on the contrary has selected a handful out of all the intellectuals from Colombia in the XX century, due to the fact they are countless is necessary to address the object of study: History of ideas and intellectuals in categories and historic stages as it is showed the example of the intellectuals from Boyacá.

The history of ideas or history of the intellectuals from Boyacá and its influence at a national level is divided in seven generation starting in 1970, the number of intellectuals is plural and with a deep incidence in the regional, national scenario and some of them at worldwide because of the contributions for the progress of knowledge and society. The new generations battle for the progress and the advance of Boyacá and claim insistently the rights which correspond to them in the national field, they claim big solutions for multiples problems in different scenarios.