Sociología del “Dejao”: una forma de la sociología de la pobreza
El microcrédito ha sido promovido durante décadas como una vía para salir de la pobreza extrema, aunque su efectividad depende tanto de factores culturales como de condiciones estrictamente financieras. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un experimento de campo (2012–2015) realizado en el marco del Programa UNIDOS de Colombia con familias en situación de desplazamiento interno en Villa Clarín, Magdalena. Los hallazgos preliminares fueron presentados como conferencia inaugural en el 5.º Congreso Internacional, 6.º Nacional y 1.º Doctoral de la Red Internacional de Investigación en Administración, Universidad del Quindío, del 23 al 25 de octubre de 2024. El estudio adoptó un diseño de Investigación Acción Participativa de carácter dialógico, combinado con codificación basada en teoría fundamentada. Los resultados muestran que las tasas de pago y el crecimiento de los emprendimientos estuvieron limitados menos por la liquidez que por el dejao, una disposición cultural de orientación a corto plazo que desalienta la planificación a largo plazo. Una vez identificada esta disposición, se implementaron círculos de préstamo basados en la confianza, lo que duplicó las tasas de pago en tres ciclos consecutivos. El estudio propone así una incipiente “sociología del dejao” y sostiene que la política de microfinanzas debe integrar diagnósticos culturales junto con métricas financieras convencionales.
Scientific and technological research articles
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Las empresas y las buenas prácticas en responsabilidad social
La responsabilidad social en las organizaciones es una tendencia que ha cobrado cada vez más fuerza debido a las demandas y transformaciones que ha experimentado la sociedad en las últimas décadas. Un ciudadano cada vez más informado, gracias al desarrollo y auge de las TIC, las redes sociales y los portales web —que funcionan como amplificadores de la experiencia de usuarios, consumidores y clientes—, ha influido significativamente en los cambios de rumbo adoptados por muchas organizaciones. En este contexto, las líneas de acción de la responsabilidad social tienen cabida en todos los sectores de la economía, incluyendo universidades, así como organizaciones públicas y privadas. Esto ha motivado la creación de normativas y aplicaciones sectoriales orientadas a responder a las expectativas y necesidades particulares de cada sector donde se pretende desarrollar prácticas socialmente responsables. Fomentar la responsabilidad social en las organizaciones es fundamental para lograr una gestión alineada con valores y principios éticos, en armonía con los distintos grupos de interés con los que interactúan. Las organizaciones, ya sean públicas o privadas, que adoptan un enfoque socialmente responsable, no se enfocan únicamente en los beneficios económicos, sino que también se comprometen con la calidad de vida de sus colaboradores, el bienestar social y la protección del medio ambiente. En este sentido, Carroll (1991) ilustró, mediante un triángulo jerárquico, que la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) parte de una base económica —relacionada con proveedores, el Estado (impuestos) y empleados—, continúa con la responsabilidad legal, y se expande hacia las dimensiones ética y de ciudadanía corporativa, cuando la empresa incorpora una filosofía social en su cultura organizacional.
Relevance of the training process as a result of teaching performance evaluations
The main objective of this research was to analyze theoretical approaches regarding the relevance of the training process as a result of faculty performance evaluations. To carry out the analysis, a bibliographic research methodology was employed, using sources accessed through the CICCO portal and Google Scholar. The main findings highlight that the training process derived from performance evaluations focuses on continuous improvement. The study recommends implementing training projects that address professional development needs and help transform pedagogical practices. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of conducting research aimed at proposing improvements based on evaluation data, as well as the appropriate use of evaluation instruments to ensure their effectiveness—thus promoting professional growth and ongoing improvement in education.
Budget overview of the Judicial Branch in Colombia: approaches from economic constitutional law
This article, the result of a research project, aimed to analyze the budgetary status of the Judicial Branch in Colombia during the fiscal periods from 2019 to the current progress of 2023. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach, with an exploratory and correlational scope, and applied the method of analysis and synthesis. The theoretical framework was based on the principles of economic and fiscal constitutional law. The article addresses topics such as the Colombian economic constitution, the principles and pillars of public finance, key elements of budgetary law, and includes an examination of the financial statements and investment execution of the Judicial Branch in Colombia.
Diseño de un modelo de aprendizaje profundo para automatizar la entrada y salida de contenedores en la Terminal de Contenedores de Cartagena (CONTECAR
En las operaciones portuarias, la automatización de procesos —como la identificación de contenedores mediante tecnologías de Reconocimiento Óptico de Caracteres (OCR) y de Identificación por Radiofrecuencia (RFID)— es fundamental para agilizar los flujos de trabajo y reducir el error humano. La implementación de estos sistemas no solo incrementa la competitividad y la seguridad, sino que también minimiza los riesgos operativos, mejora la agilidad en la gestión de los flujos logísticos y asegura la capacidad de adaptación ante la creciente demanda, contribuyendo así a la sostenibilidad de las infraestructuras portuarias. La presente investigación de enfoque mixto tiene como objetivo diseñar un modelo de aprendizaje profundo para optimizar los procesos de entrada y salida de contenedores en la Terminal de Contenedores de Cartagena (CONTECAR). El modelo se desarrollará considerando la infraestructura existente, las tecnologías implementadas hasta la fecha, la maquinaria disponible y las características logísticas y organizativas de los procesos operativos de la terminal.
Post-COVID inflationary impact in Colombia (2020–2023): factors and consequences
One of the controversial aspects of the post-pandemic was the sharp rise in prices around the world, even more than 80% of countries reported historical inflations during this time. Central banks eased their monetary policy with low interest rates and other economic stimulus to boost the growth that COVID had halted. The main consequence is sustained inflation in most of the world's economies, pressuring monetary authorities to withdraw stimulus and tighten policies at the risk of affecting economic recovery. Verbi gratia, Colombia was expected to achieve economic growth close to 3.5% in 2024.
Review of results and evolution of Spin-Off experiences
University Spin-Off initiatives are increasingly recognized as a mechanism to strengthen entrepreneurship while developing technology transfer and consolidating the business fabric. In this article, a review of Spin-Off experiences in the international and national spheres is carried out, descriptively exploring some results of this type of initiative, selected randomly, to obtain key success factors. The article follows a descriptive review methodology, based on secondary information regarding the results of 12 Spin-Off companies, as well as information on the evolution of Spin-Offs in Colombia. It is concluded that it is a consolidated phenomenon in the world, being in the Ibero-American case Spain and Colombia the leading countries in the creation of Spin-Off companies, but that in the Colombian case there is the challenge of guaranteeing financing for the ventures.
Digital revolution in foreign trade: a bibliometric analysis of trends, innovations, opportunities, and challenges
The digital revolution has profoundly transformed the way companies operate on a global scale. These advancements have optimized supply chain management and logistics operations, enabling organizations to work more efficiently and rapidly. However, digitalization also presents significant challenges, such as cybersecurity risks and the digital divide, which hinder the safe adoption of these technologies.A bibliometric review was conducted using the Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases to identify trends, innovations, opportunities, and challenges in digital foreign trade. The review included articles published between 2019 and 2024, from which 20 relevant studies were selected. The data were analyzed and organized into thematic tables. The results highlight the need for future research to deepen the analysis of emerging technological trends, assess the impact of digitalization in specific sectors, and address issues related to cybersecurity and the digital divide. Such efforts could be crucial in informing and guiding future policies and practices in the field of digital trade.
The challenge of entrepreneurship for microbusinesswomen beyond Uruguay's geocentrism
The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize women-led microenterprises in the department of San José, Uruguay, in the context of rural-to-urban migration, with the aim of preserving both their land and sources of employment at personal and family levels. A mixed-methods approach was employed. A total of 92 structured interviews were conducted with women who own microenterprises in San José, carried out by a team of trained interviewers. Results: the main motivations for starting a business were economic need, job dissatisfaction, and the pursuit of self-fulfillment. For most participants, it was their first entrepreneurial experience, and their businesses had been operating for over five years. The main challenges reported were lack of support, as well as logistical and financial difficulties. Conclusions: it was emphasized that women learn from other women, and that a key catalyst for success lies in participating in interaction spaces or contact networks, where they can connect with successful entrepreneurs and learn from their experiences.
Endomarketing as a strategy for the transformation of the organizational culture in the organizational culture in SMEs in the city of Barranquilla
In Colombia, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognized as the most dynamic productive units contributing to economic development, as they significantly boost all productive sectors nationwide and generate the highest number of jobs. This article aimed to analyze how endomarketing can be used in designing strategies that support the transformation of organizational culture within SMEs in Barranquilla. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative tools to facilitate the comparison of information, authors, and data collected through a Likert-type questionnaire. The instrument was applied to administrative leaders currently working in SMEs across various sectors. As a final outcome, strategic recommendations were proposed to strengthen organizations in the city, the Caribbean region, and the broader national context.
Relationship between leadership and financial performance in the Colombian clay industry
This study aims to analyze the relationship between leadership and the financial performance of companies in the Colombian clay sector during the 2022–2023 period. It is a quantitative investigation with a cross-sectional correlational design, intended to determine whether leadership serves as an explanatory factor for financial performance in these companies. The sample consisted of 4 companies in the sector. The results show that leadership is indeed an explanatory factor for financial performance in the Colombian clay sector during the period analyzed. Furthermore, despite the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, the sector maintained positive revenues and favorable return on equity. The study concludes that companies in the clay sector require integrative leadership at all levels and across organizational processes in order to strengthen their financial and economic outcomes.
Job satisfaction (JS): a correlational study at Universidad de los Llanos
This study offers a new perspective on the concept of job satisfaction in both regional and national contexts, particularly within the public sector, where research on the topic remains limited. The study was conducted at Universidad de los Llanos, as part of the Master’s in Business Administration program, with participation from the authors—one of whom serves as head of the University Well-being Division. The research includes a theoretical discussion on the evolution and scope of the concept, proposing epistemic elements for its application in the workplace. The study concludes that public institutions are beginning to incorporate job satisfaction into their development and well-being policies, recognizing new practices that enhance employee adaptability within the organizational environment of the Colombian state.
Análisis de la percepción de la cultura tributaria en Colombia durante el periodo pospandemia
Este estudio analiza la percepción de la cultura tributaria en Colombia en el periodo pospandemia, con el objetivo de identificar factores que inciden en el cumplimiento fiscal. Desde un enfoque cualitativo y constructivista, se aplicó teoría fundamentada y razonamiento inductivo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales del área contable. Los hallazgos destacan que el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales (55%) y la educación y concienciación ciudadana (20%) son los principales aportes a una cultura tributaria sólida. Además, las sanciones pueden influir positiva o negativamente, según su severidad. El estudio concluye que una combinación de sanciones proporcionales, educación fiscal y un sistema tributario simplificado es clave para fomentar una cultura de cumplimiento sostenible. Se recomienda que investigaciones futuras exploren el equilibrio entre medidas punitivas y educativas, atendiendo a contextos regionales y características demográficas. Este estudio analiza la percepción de la cultura tributaria en Colombia en el periodo pospandemia, con el objetivo de identificar factores que inciden en el cumplimiento fiscal. Desde un enfoque cualitativo y constructivista, se aplicó teoría fundamentada y razonamiento inductivo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales del área contable. Los hallazgos destacan que el cumplimiento de las obligaciones fiscales (55%) y la educación y concienciación ciudadana (20%) son los principales aportes a una cultura tributaria sólida. Además, las sanciones pueden influir positiva o negativamente, según su severidad. El estudio concluye que una combinación de sanciones proporcionales, educación fiscal y un sistema tributario simplificado es clave para fomentar una cultura de cumplimiento sostenible. Se recomienda que investigaciones futuras exploren el equilibrio entre medidas punitivas y educativas, atendiendo a contextos regionales y características demográficas.
Beyond millennials and Generation Z: preparing organizations for the future of work
This article analyzes the characteristics, expectations, and values of the millennial and Generation Z cohorts in the workplace, based on an extensive review of academic literature. It identifies their main demands, including workplace flexibility, continuous recognition, and opportunities for professional development. It also highlights generational differences in teamwork, use of technology, and leadership styles.The study further examines the challenges organizations face in effectively integrating these groups into multigenerational teams, emphasizing the need to adapt management strategies to attract and retain young talent. The article concludes that it is essential to foster an inclusive, flexible, and collaborative work environment that meets the needs of these generations, who seek work-life balance, purpose in their roles, and overall well-being.
Characteristics of millennials and generation Z
Strategic planning in universities. Validity and necessity
With its high quality standards, the Dictamen Libre Journal maintains its commitment to contribute to the dissemination of new knowledge, periodically publishing various scientific results. We must acknowledge the authors, who with their articles enrich the content of this new edition, and the evaluators for their review work and contributions, which allows us to present articles with quality and scientific rigor. We hope to continue meeting the expectations of our readers.
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Loading capacity for strategic tourism areas in San Juanito - Meta Colombia
Community tourism inserted in Protected Areas is an alternative for sustainable productive reconversion; which requires carrying out an analysis to maintain the ecological integrity of the area to be intervened and conserve it. The municipality of San Juanito, immersed in the Chingaza National Natural Park, emerges as a tourist destination due to its strategic ubiquity; which requires determining a parameter that establishes the impact of anthropic activity; giving space to the carrying capacity as a determinant of exploration of effects caused in sensitive areas, allowing to establish the sufficiency of strategic tourist points for their adequate use. The measurement proposed by Cifuentes was used, which states: physical, real and effective carrying capacity, adding the use of the NTS AVO15-12 standard, according to orographic characteristics. The results demand an adequate management plan for the use of the area, given its sensitivity, making it possible for the community to take advantage of it.
The double presence or interference in the work-family relationship as a psychosocial risk in working women
This research aims to identify and analyze double presence as a psychosocial risk factor that affects the performance and well-being of female employees in microenterprises in Ixtlán del Río, Nayarit, Mexico. Double presence is a situation that arises when a female employee is overloaded with work, family, and domestic activities that affect her physical and emotional health, as well as the difficulty in responding to demands when they occur simultaneously. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 372 female employees, the result of which showed that they are at a high-risk level.
Accounting and financial management of the market places of Medellín
Medellín has four market squares, which serve as cultural meeting points and trading centers, especially for fresh food, which become key players in ensuring food security in the town. The objective of this work was to analyze the accounting and financial management of businesses in the market squares of Medellín and the implications of this dynamic. From a methodological point of view, this research is framed within qualitative, descriptive, and transversal works. A semi-structured interview was used for the managers of the market squares. The results showed that most of the businesses that operate in the squares are characterized by cash sales and with no rudimentary accounting and financial practices, which does not guarantee the conditions of sustainability over time. The informality in the management of the market squares constitutes a great challenge for merchants, the state administration, and the economic development of the city.
Propuesta de estrategias de marketing digital para el posicionamiento del turismo gastronómico en La Piedad de Cavadas, Michoacán, México, entre los segmentos de millennials y centennials
La gastronomía de La Piedad de Cavadas, Michoacán, con sus icónicos platillos como las carnitas y tamales, sirve como un reflejo de la identidad y tradiciones arraigadas en la región, mismos que son pocas veces difundidos fuera del municipio, por lo que el objetivo del presente artículo fue proponer estrategias de marketing digital para impulsar el posicionamiento del turismo gastronómico en dicho sitio, dirigidas a los segmentos millennials y centennials específicamente, de municipios y estados circundantes. El presente estudio fue de carácter descriptivo y transversal, en el cual se midió la opinión de 379 personas con respecto a gustos, preferencias, comportamientos y necesidades al practicar turismo gastronómico, así como, la familiaridad que tienen con la gastronomía tradicional piedadense. La metodología utilizada se basó en la observación directa y en el levantamiento de encuestas aplicadas al segmento mencionado. Dentro de los resultados obtenidos, resalta que este segmento prefiere el uso de redes sociales al momento de seleccionar un destino turístico (62%), por lo que las estrategias propuestas incluyen el aprovechamiento de ellas como canales de promoción y la colaboración con la comunidad local para fortalecer la identidad culinaria del destino y de esta forma procurar el posicionamiento del turismo gastronómico en La Piedad de Cavadas, Michoacán.
Actores estratégicos del turismo cultural en el departamento del Quindío (Colombia)
The research seeks to recognize the role of the different actors of cultural tourism in the department of Quindío; the methodology is qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory, and the population corresponds to the local cultural actors under the triple helix model (university-company-state); primary information was obtained through surveys and interviews, and secondary information through documentary review. In the research, relevant aspects of each of the estates were identified to recognize the role they play in this subsector; in this sense, it is concluded that the wide cultural, artistic, and heritage offer of the Quindío and the management of the actors allow to promote cultural tourism through mechanisms that promote adequate convergence with the tourism sector, such as institutional leadership and associativity.
Analysis and Strengthening Strategies in women's enterprises of the Frutos del Amor Foundation
This article analyzed the businesses of women entrepreneurs linked to the Frutos del Amor Foundation, through the investigation of the organizational environment in order to formulate strategies that contribute to business strengthening. A mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative) was used, where data and information were obtained by applying surveys to the entrepreneurs under study and their clients. The results showed a general overview of the current business situation, understanding the challenges of female entrepreneurship in vulnerable contexts; it was also detected that business strengthening occurs to the extent that they improve their contact networks, receive training, take advantage of the laws supporting entrepreneurship, improve the administrative and financial management of their businesses, among other important aspects. It is concluded that empowering women entrepreneurs contributes to the reduction of poverty, improves their quality of life and that of their familie
Ideal Profile in Management Skills for Production Managers in the Manufacturing Sector
This study focuses on the importance of managerial skills in modern companies, especially in the manufacturing sector, and highlights their influence on innovation and development. The objective was to construct an ideal profile for production managers based on Robert Katz's theory of managerial skills. The research breaks down these skills into specific sub-factors and indicators, validating the importance of managing conceptual, technical, and human skills according to the level of management. Technical skills include production management, quality control, and industrial safety; human skills encompass teamwork, effective communication, and leadership; and conceptual skills involve a systemic approach, globalization, and advanced management techniques. The study identified training as a key mechanism to improve managerial capacities, contributing to competitive development and also serving as a basis for redesigning Industrial Engineering study programs to meet the demands of a market highly focused on human management and supported by technological trends.
Management skills and entrepreneurship: a bibliometric review
Our research adopts a mixed approach, combining quantitative and qualitative elements, in this sense, it is based on the analysis of bibliographic citations to identify patterns of collaboration, relevant journals, influence of researchers and visibility of their publications. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric review that gives a comprehensive overview of the academic literature on entrepreneurship and management skills. A comprehensive search of the Scopus database was carried out, finding 1997 relevant publications between 1958 and 2023. Then 154 were selected for bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. The analysis revealed that most authors make single, transient contributions, with only a small group making multiple contributions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of entrepreneurship and management skills. The results highlight the importance of continuing research and fostering collaboration among researchers.
Evaluation of the results of the infant feeding program for Venezuelan migrants on the nutritional status of the participants
For the purpose of this research, the case of a 4-month child feeding project implemented by the NGO Tearfund, in the settlement commonly known as Villa Caracas in the neighborhood of La Ceiba in the city of Barranquilla, will be analyzed. In the words of Habicht et al (1999), "the purpose of the evaluation process is to relate impact and outcome data to intervention activities”. Considering all of the above, the research question of this paper is: What was the effect of the child nutrition project for Venezuelan migrants on the nutritional status of the participants? This will give the implementing organization inputs to make decisions regarding future projects and provides evidence on the effectiveness of these projects to the general public.
Tourism as a driver of economic development: a mixed review of scientific production
Tourism activities are catalysts for economic dynamics in the territories, as they respond to high demands in terms of inputs and labor. Consequently, tourism has been consolidated as a crucial agenda associated with the different development plans of the country. The objective of this research was to analyze the studies on tourism as a driver of economic development. A mixed review of the literature was carried out in the Scopus database (2014-2024). The behavior of the publications was upward until 2022, with a predominance of research articles in the area of social sciences. Four lines of scientific research were identified, the most representative authors and the average ranges of citations in the area of the object of study. The results allowed us to conclude that it is a relevant field, with multiple investigations and significant contributions to sustainable development.
Environmental and Social Practices in the Links of the Value Chain: Case Study Department of Quindío
This article presents the usual environmental and social practices for each link in the hotel sector value chain. The methodology is a mixed approach, descriptive type with deductive method and survey collection instrument for three hotels in the department of Quindío. 18 practices and 66 environmental and social activities of the sector associated with the value chain are identified. It is recognized that the Study Hotels apply the practices regardless of the approach, although the competitive vision predominates, despite the fact that the nature of both is an ethical approach. In the application, the main motivations are competitiveness and corporate image and the main obstacles are ignorance, passive management and the absence of resources. It is concluded that there is growth in the proposal of environmental and social practices, the environmental practices are concentrated in the support activities and there is balanced distribution in the main activities of the value chain.
Discourse as a key tool of project management
This research article gathers the view of project management from a discursive approach and aims to show the discourses present in the project management of the Centro Surcolombiano de Investigación en Café Cesurcafé, attached to the Universidad Surcolombiana. The research was approached from a theoretical perspective, which links linguistics and semiotics, aspects that Roland Barthes defends in the field of project management. The methodology used focused on the identification and analysis of discourses from the exploratory qualitative method, using the qualitative software Atlas. Ti. It was possible to show that information is a valuable asset that must be managed appropriately to ensure the quality and reliability of the project. In addition, it is vital to have a certain level of formalization in the structure of the text that communicates, the order in which it is communicated, and the discursive clarity of the central message.
Liderazgo transformacional y toma de decisiones en organizaciones del caribe colombiano
El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el liderazgo transformacional y toma de decisiones en organizaciones del caribe colombiano, sustentándose en una metodología con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, diseño no experimental, transversal y de campo, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencional para abordar una muestra de 125 organizaciones empresariales, utilizando el Instrumento Estilo de Toma de Decisiones (GDMS) de Scott y Bruce (1995), encontrando que existe una correlación significativa entre el liderazgo transformacional y algunos estilos de liderazgo en la costa caribe colombiana. Concluyendo, que se presenta un nivel de correlación entre el liderazgo transformacional predominando los estilos racional y dependiente.
Implementation of an agile user experience design: a case study in a mobile application development company
The successful integration of user experience (UX) into agile software development methodologies is essential for the effectiveness of digital solutions, given its versatile adaptability, timeliness, and suitability in applications developed by small and medium-sized technology enterprises. This study aims to establish a structured UX process that adheres to industry best practices while also addressing the specific needs of the company. The methodology used was descriptive-applied and combined a systematic literature review, a case study, and the application of a structured on-site instrument to evaluate UX in a real context. The results revealed a low rating in pragmatic quality, highlighting the need to improve the user experience within the process.
The University as an agent of socioeconomic development in Latin America
The objective of the article is to analyze the University as an agent of socioeconomic development in Latin America, since they influence the advancement of science and technology to achieve a path of social, environmental and economic sustainability, based on some authors. The research corresponds to a review article; since the essential information on a specific topic was integrated. The results showed that universities should be linked to companies producing goods and services for the market, since this linkage constitutes a dynamizing element in the economies of the countries, promoting the transfer of knowledge. Therefore, by promoting the technical progress of the people, it improves the productivity of the economic system, as well as the rise of a greater social stability of the people of Latin America. It is concluded, that the role of the University in the socioeconomic development of Latin America, implies that the governments are dedicated to rethink their policies to the financing of the university institutions, since they are an active element for the sustainable progress of the nations.