Ingeniería, investigación, Avances, avances, investigación en ingeniería
A Comparative Thermodynamic and Kinetic Analysis of Methane Tri-Reforming for Syngas Production: A Process Simulation Approach
The growing concentration of greenhouse gases, primarily methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), underscores the need for advanced carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies. Methane tri-reforming (TRM) has emerged as a highly promising pathway for the valorizitation of these gases, converting them into syngas (a mixture of H₂/CO), which serves a critical feedstock for the chemical industry. This study develops and applies a comprehensive process simulation framework to systematically evaluate the TRM process, addressing a notable gap in the literature regarding the rigorous comparison between thermodynamic limits and actual kinetic performance under different feed compositions. Using the DWSIM process simulator (version 8.1.2), a comparative analysis was conducted employing two distinct reactor models: a Gibbs reactor model to determine thermodynamic equilibrium limits and a kinetic Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) model to assess performance under practical conditions. The investigation evaluated three different feed compositions, varying the molar ratios, with the objective of identifying optimality criteria based on: (1) maximum combined conversion of CH₄ and CO₂, (2) suppression of coke formation, (3) efficient production of adjustable syngas, and (4) favorable energy balance. The thermodynamic analysis identified an optimal operating window between 800 K and 900 K at atmospheric pressure, where reactant conversions are maximized and secondary coke-forming reactions are suppressed. The kinetic analysis revealed that an ideal feed composition (molar fractions of: CH₄= 0,545, CO₂ =0,182, H₂O =0,091) achieves a methane conversion of 33,0% and produces syngas with an H₂/CO molar ratio of 3,0 at 800 K, representing the best compromise between conversion and selectivity. Finally, thermal and composition profiles along the reactor were evaluated, demonstrating syngas formation and the accelerated methane consumption during the tri-reforming process. This work provides a robust computational methodology for optimizing TRM feed conditions and producing syngas with tunable compositions, offering valuable insights for the conceptual design and scale-up of reactors for sustainable chemical production.
Copyright (c) 2025 Avances: Investigación en Ingeniería https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Configuration of the Coffee Production Chain in Norte de Santander
The research analyzes the structural and relational configuration of the coffee production chain in Norte de Santander, aiming to identifying the links and the degree of correlation among the actors involved, from production to commercialization in national and international markets. To achieve this, a thread diagram was designed to illustrate the product´s transition through each link-actor, characterizing geographical distribution, actor density, input–output flows, and loss points within the system. The statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between resistant varieties and modern agricultural practices with crop yield, while traditional and susceptible crops showed lower performance over large áreas. This diagnosis made it possible to identify deficiencies in organization, transportation, and grain handling, which have caused losses exceeding 30% over the last decade, particularly affecting small and medium-sized producers; it is concluded that strengthening cooperatives, renewing traditional crops, and adopting modern agricultural practices are key strategies to reduce losses, increase productivity, and consolidate the competitiveness of Norte de Santander´s coffee in both national and international markets.
Analysis of the decrease in diclofenac concentration in aqueous solutionusing ozone intensified by hydrodynamic cavitation
A hydrodynamic cavitation system was analyzed to intensify the ozonation of diclofenac present in aqueous solution. An ozone generator with a capacity of 5 g de O3/h was used. Hydrodynamic cavitation was induced through a Venturi tube connected to the outlet of a 745,7 W pump with a discharge pressure of 0,41 MPa. The flow rate driven by the pump was 0,0005 m3/s, and the system was operated in complete recirculation. A central composite experimental design was used to determine the effect of the initial pH of the solution (4 and 7) and the initial diclofenac concentration (5 mg/L y 10 mg/L). The experimental results were evaluated using analysis of variance, determined that the experimental variables and their interactions up to the second order affect the response variable, corresponding to the percentage of diclofenac removal. The response surface methodology allowed identifying the conditions to achieve the highest removal percentage, reaching 40% with an initial pH of 4 and a diclofenac concentration of 5 mg/L. In all test, the cavitation number was 0,797, which confirms the formation of cavities within the liquid. The reaction time in each of the experiments was 0,5 h. The effectiveness of the process under these conditions is mainly attributed to the fact that diclofenac remains in its non-ionized form, whose hydrophobicity favors its accumulation at the interface of the cavities formed in the Venturi throat, where it is attacked by the OH radicals generated during collapse. Furthermore, the intensifying effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on ozonation can be attributed to the improvement in the mass transfer of ozone into the water due to turbulence in the Venturi throat, as well as by the ozone decomposition that generates OH radicals in the medium.
Bioconversion of potato peels using black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
In the present study, the effect of larval density (0, 1, 2, and 3 larvae/cm²) on the bioconversion of potato and reduction of potato peels (Solanum tuberosum) was evaluated using black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). The hatching of the eggs produced a total of 72,512 larvae per gram. The final bioconversion showed values ranging from 16.8% to 27.8%, while waste reduction ranged from 59% to 77%. The highest values for both indicators were recorded in treatments with 3 larvae/cm2. Although increasing larval density reduces the size of each individual, the presence of more larvae per unit area improves both bioconversion and waste reduction. The use of this technology allows the transformation of potato peels into organic compost and larval biomass rich in proteins and fats, which could be used for animal feed, thereby contributing to the valorization of this agro-industrial waste.
Energy profile of the imagenology in the la Samaritana university hospital
The objective of this study was to develop and apply a methodology to evaluate the energy performance of the Samaritana University Hospital, located in Bogotá D.C., Colombia. For the development and assessment the methodology, the Imaging unit was selected as a pilot area. The analysis considered variables such as operating time, power, milliampere-seconds (mAs), kilovolts (kV), and milliamperes (mA) for all the equipment in the unit. The proposed methodology enabled the calculation of the energy profile of each subarea (CT scan, angiography, x-ray, mammography and Doppler), subsequently obtaining data on CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption. The results showed that factors such as institutional culture and equipment obsolescence can significantly influence energy resources consumption. The subareas with the highest levels of consumption were CT scan, lighting and the administrative area.
Sizing a photovoltaic solar installation to meet the electricity demand of a middle-income residential home in the city of Bogotá
The research analyzes the economic feasibility of implementing a photovoltaic solar panel system in a middle- class household in Bogotá. To this end, detailed information was collected on the home's energy consumption, the area’s solar irradiation conditions, and the appropriate system components were selected. A comprehensive economic analysis was carried out, considering the initial investment, payback period, and projected profits over 25 years. The technical calculations were performed using the "worst month" methodology, identifying the period in which it is most difficult to meet energy demand with solar energy. This methodology confirmed that, through the installation of four panels connected to the electrical grid, t is possible to meet the household’s energy demand. The results showed that the system would generate significant savings in electricity consumption and reduce CO₂ emissions by approximately 118 kg per year. The initial investment (COP $ 5.725.087) would be recovered in 4,7 years, reaching a projected profit of COP $ 225.015.860 over 25 years. These findings demonstrate that the implementation of the system is not only profitable but also environmentally sustainable, establishing itself an effective alternative to reduce costs and mitigate environmental impacts in urban residential sectors.
Mathematical Deconstruction as a support of Cryptographic Applications of Linear Algebra in Engineering
This article aimed to implement cryptographic applications of linear algebra in engineering students as a way to make linear combinations visible, content absent in the majority of Faculties of Basic Sciences that offer the linear algebra course in universities in Barranquilla. For this, a phased methodology was implemented associated with integrated work with the communicative skills teacher, weekly tutorials focused on strengthening disciplinary knowledge (how is it demonstrated in mathematics?) and the selection of cryptographic applications in conjunction with the programming teacher. II. The main findings show that cryptographic applications contribute to delving into little-studied content in linear algebra, such as linear combinations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Avances: Investigación en Ingeniería http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Descriptive Modeling of Air Quality on Fontibón, Street 13, Bogotá, Colombia
Air Quality in Bogotá, particularly in the locality of Fontibón, represents a public health issue due to the high concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). This study employs a descriptive model to analyze pollution patterns along Calle 13, where peaks in concentration were identified during. the early morning hours. The analysis was based on data collected from fixed air quality monitoring stations located in the area over a 12-month period. This information made it possible to identify seasonal patterns and evaluate the influence of factors such as vehicular traffic and meteorological conditions. T For the processing and analysis of public data provided by the District Secretariat of Environment of Bogotá, the OpenAir library in the R programming language was used, applied to the locality of Fontibón. Through this tool, variables such as wind direction, critical locations, and the effect of the vehicle fleets were evaluated in comparison with the various industrial emission sources present in the area. The results indicate that PM2.5 levels exceed the limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), especially during peak hours between 5:30 a.m. and 8:00 a.m., and between 5:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Likewise, it was found that the months with the highest PM2.5 concentrations in 2024 were August, October, and November, with average increases of 8% compared to the other months. Finally, it is concluded that air quality in this area represents a significant health risk for residents, highlighting the need to implement public policies aimed at improving urban air quality and controlling pollutant emissions.
Evaluation of co-digestion of pig manure, poultry manure, banana peel and chicken manure (poultry manure with rice husk) for biogas production
Biogas is a renewable energy source generated from the anaerobic analysis of organic matter, where mainly carbon dioxide and methane are produced, the latter used for the generation of electrical and thermal energy. In this study, three prototypes of sealed biodigesters were evaluated with different organic substrates: pig manure, poultry manure, chicken manure, banana peel and water. These prototypes were designed to allow the release of gases while maintaining an anaerobic environment to generate biogas production. The production of methane, hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), carbon monoxide, propane and ethanol were measured, using daily sensors. The results showed that the biodigester containing banana peel biomass, water and pig manure generated higher gas content measured in the physicochemical properties, during a period of 6 weeks in which the measurements were made. In conclusion, biogas stands out as a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels in the generation of electricity and heating. The study also seeks to evaluate the co-digestion of pig manure, poultry manure and chicken manure to identify the optimal combination of substrates that maximizes biogas production.
This paper presents an experimental alternative for fiber extraction from the stem of Eichhornia crassipes. This plant, belonging to the Pontederiaceae family, is one of the invasive aquatic species in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Fiber extraction begins with the collection of the plants directly from the aquatic mass, followed by dissection of its parts and individual extraction of each of these. The fibers obtained maintain their structural integrity despite the abrasive nature of the methods employed. Obtaining a standard fiber from Eichhornia Crassipes is influenced by several factors, including the purity of the extracted material and the intrinsic quality of the stem, which play a crucial role in the uniformity and properties of the fibers obtained. Eichhornia Crassipes has the potential to become a valuable and sustainable resource for fiber extraction by offering environmental benefits.
Computing techniques for the analysis of massive DNA sequencing in personalized medicine
The aim of this bibliographic research is to explore in depth the various computational techniques used for the analysis of massive DNA sequencing in the context of personalized medicine. Both traditional approaches and recent innovations in this field are examined, highlighting their applications, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, emerging research areas at the intersection of computer science and genomics are addressed, aiming to foster continuous progress in delivering personalized and precise healthcare. The study emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach that ensures patient data privacy to achieve accurate diagnoses and fully harness advances in DNA analysis. Technologies such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Artificial Intelligence play a fundamental role in managing and analyzing large volumes of genomic data, enabling the integration of information that provides a more comprehensive view of biological systems. Additionally, mechanistic, metabolic, and quantitative models are also analyzed, aimed at personalizing treatments for diseases such obesity, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Biotechnological alternatives for the treatment of water from the Bogotá River and swine and fish Farming wastewater in the Alto Magdalena Region.
The Bogotá River, one of the main waterways of Cundinamarca, faces severe pollution due to industrial, agricultural, and domestic discharges. This study analyzes biotechnological alternatives for the treatment of water from the Bogotá River and swine and fish farming wastewater in the Alto Magdalena region. Combined methods were evaluated, including phytoremediation with Heliconia psittacorum in constructed wetlands and the use of mixed cultures of microalgae in open reactors. Methodology: Phytoremediation and microalgae treatment trials were conducted on samples of wastewater and surface water. The samples were characterized by physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. The treatments included biofiltration and phytodegradation systems with Capsicum annuum in fish farming wastewater. Results: The microalgae systems showed nitrate and phosphate removal efficiencies of up to 65.5% and 60.14%, respectively. The wetland with Heliconia psittacorum achieved average removal rates of 98% for NH4+, 60% for NO2-, 22.5% for NO3-, and 97.5% for PO4-7. In the treatment of fish farming wastewater, partial ammonium reduction was observed, with the biofilter stabilizing from the fifth day. Conclusions: The evaluated biotechnological processes proved to be effective and sustainable for the removal of contaminants in wastewater, offering a viable and low-cost alternative for the recovery of water resources in the Alto Magdalena region.
Current status of the implementation of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology applied to road infrastructure in Colombia.
The Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology in road infrastructure is a developing area worldwide, with significant potential demonstrated in the transportation sector. This article aims to provide a comprehensive and updated review of the literature, accompanied by a critical analysis of research areas related to BIM in road infrastructure throughout the entire life cycle. This seeks to promote research and applications in Colombia through a global comparison. A total of 61 publications from 2019 to 2024 were reviewed, including journal articles, conference proceedings, and reports. The results show an increase in the use of BIM in transportation infrastructure, highlighting the urgent need for a neutral exchange format and a standard scheme to promote interoperability. Most importantly, continuous collaboration between academia and industry is essential to overcome challenges and maximize the potential of BIM in this field.
Proposal for a Simulation Model of the Prison Population in Colombia using Systems Dynamics
The main objective of this document is to present a system dynamics model that enables the simulation and prediction of the prison population in Colombia for the year 2050. This model is based on statistical data provided by INPEC and offers a detailed analysis of the prison population's behavior, considering factors such as detentions, inmate deaths, releases, births, and deaths of Colombian citizens. Additionally, the issue of overcrowding is comprehensively addressed by incorporating relevant auxiliary variables. Based on the model's construction, various scenarios are proposed to facilitate a deeper understanding of the underlying dynamics and trends. According to this analysis, the simulation estimates that the prison population in 2050 will be approximately 570,000 individuals.
Copyright (c) 2024 Avances: Investigación en Ingeniería http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Determination of the physicochemical characteristics of the waste from the exoskeleton of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) from the Puerto Bolívar Parish, City of Machala, Ecuador.
The waste produced during shrimp processing poses an environmental challenge, but it also represents an opportunity to be utilized as a source of protein. The treatment of these residues was carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Chemical and Health Sciences at the Universidad Técnica de Machala, while the physicochemical characterization was conducted at the Multianalityca S.A. laboratory, analyzing the shrimp exoskeleton from the Puerto Bolívar Parish in Machala, Ecuador. Protein (AOAC 2001.11/Volumetry, Kjeldahl), moisture (AOAC 925.10/Gravimetry, Air Oven), and ash (AOAC 923.03/Gravimetry, direct) analyses were performed in duplicate, and the results showed that the percentages of protein, moisture, and ash were within the limits established by the relevant regulations. The protein content was 47.68% (±0.912%), moisture was 13.12% (±1.124%), and the ash percentage reached 22.34% (±0.113%), complying with the NTE INEN 465:1980, NTE INEN-ISO 6496, and NTE INEN 467:1980 standards, respectively. This study provides valuable information about the physicochemical characteristics of shrimp exoskeleton waste, opening the door for its use in various applications, such as in the food, agricultural, and water remediation sectors.
Analysis of land use conflicts in the village of Lomalta in the municipality of Vélez - Santander
This research study focuses on the province of Vélez, located in Santander, Colombia, where various aspects of the region were examined, including governance, education, municipal development, public works and aqueduct services, highlighting the integration of ecosystem services in land use planning, a key factor for the sustainable development of the region. On the other hand, land use conflicts in the Lomalta hamlet are examined, using data from the IGAC and the ARCGIS tool to perform a geospatial analysis, where it was found that although the IGAC records do not show land use conflicts, in order to obtain a more precise vision, a field visit was made to the Lomalta village, where roads in good condition, diverse crops, livestock, communal equipment and ecosystem services were observed. Finally, two land use conflicts were identified and adjustments for more effective agricultural planning were suggested in order to provide a detailed vision of the situation in Vélez, highlighting the importance of territorial planning for sustainable development.
Analysis of the effect of a Hydraulic Work on the Water Quality of the Teusacá River (Cundinamarca, Colombia) through Bioindication with Aquatic Macroinvertebrates
The main objective of this research is to analyze the effect caused by a hydraulic dredging intervention in the Teusacá River (Cundinamarca, Colombia), by means of bioindication of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and pH measurements were taken at each sampling point, and various water quality indices (BMWP/Col, ASTP, IBF, EPT), as well as biodiversity indices (Shannon Weaver, Simpson, Margalef and Menhinick) were calculated. Four sampling points were taken in the months of June, October, and December, collecting a total of 1160 organisms grouped into 6 classes, 13 orders and 19 taxonomic families, these organisms were used for the comparative assessment of water quality before and after the Hydraulic work. For the analysis of the effect of the hydraulic work on water quality, one sampling point was considered as a post-intervention reference, and previous research in the same area was considered as references prior to the work. The dredging had a slightly positive effect on the river's water quality, evidencing improvements in the physicochemical parameters and quality indexes, which reflect an increase in its quality.
Physics and Environmental Education; Possible Encounters for Energy Transition
This study scrutinises the interplay between physics education and renewable energy within current academic literature, adopting a systematic review to analyse texts spanning from 1998 to 2023. A pronounced emphasis on renewable energies reflects an integrative research focus, while 'Environmental Physics' stands out as the primary discipline, highlighting academia's engagement with challenges like climate change. The substantial presence of 'Solar Energy' corresponds to advances in photovoltaic technology and its global applicability. Dominant socio-constructivist approaches in pedagogy foster in-depth, reflective learning. Inclusion of ICT and PBL points to a shift towards interactive educational techniques. The study underscores interdisciplinarity's role in cultivating professionals ready to drive sustainable energy futures
Inside the Faraday cage: the hidden signs
This work presents a didactic sequence focused on understanding the phenomenon of charge distribution in metallic conductive materials, using the Faraday Cage as the main tool. Designed for ninth to eleventh-grade students, the sequence includes activities such as exploring key questions, constructing a Faraday Cage, and a practical experience followed by a playful assessment. Implemented in an academic event, the results showed that the majority of students achieved a deeper understanding of the topic, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach in the science classroom.
Research and scientific dissemination: its importance for the advancement of Physics
The connection between research and scientific dissemination plays a crucial role in the advancement of physics and its societal impact. This article offers a theoretical reflection on the indispensable and significant synergy between research and science communication, focusing on physics. Effective dissemination amplifies the reach of scientific discoveries, making complex concepts understandable to the general public. Topics such as the demystification of science, the role of the media, collaborative efforts between researchers and communicators, primary forms of science communication, among others, are addressed in this work. Dissemination not only addresses challenges but also highlights successes, demonstrating how collaboration between researchers and communicators overcomes obstacles and maximizes impact. Therefore, it is concluded that research and scientific dissemination are intrinsically intertwined: while research drives knowledge forward, dissemination extends it beyond academic boundaries, connecting physics with the world and motivating public engagement in the exciting journey of scientific discovery.
¿De qué manera la logística influye en que las líneas de producción no se detengan?
One of the main problems within a company is that the production lines stop due to lack of material, generating additional costs by covering with extra time the production that is lost, as well as the risk of not complying with the deliveries on time with the customer, which would cause the loss of the customer. In this sense, the present research work has the intention of analyzing how logistics influences the production lines in a company so that they are not affected by lack of material. The methodological approach to be used will be qualitative and descriptive since grounded theory is used as the basis of the object of study. Undoubtedly, logistics plays an important role within business organizations, since it ensures that production lines always have the raw material available to avoid problems arising from lack of material. In addition, it can be added that logistics can reduce operating costs due to lack of material, as well as ensure that the customer receives the final product on time and with the required quality.
Expansion of industry 4.0 and professional practice
The development of a professional practice offers an opportunity for incredible results in professional, professional, and personal growth and for the improvement of the company in favor of its objectives. Having said this, it is necessary to understand that growth is also driven by changes and advances. social. technology, it is here where industrial industry 4.0 is developed, applicable to all types of industrial companies, whether large, small or medium-sized, where a substitution of the human being is mixed with technology based on achievements of comprehensive data collection, error sensors or future failures, minimizing downtime, the provision of information and its security, wanting to identify the states of knowledge throughout the practice in relation to the state of the company with the Industry 4.0 System and the practicing professional.
Modeling and optimal control of the stability of a two-wheeled mobile robot using PID and LQR techniques
This article aims to compare the performance of two widely used controllers in the control of dynamic systems: the PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller and the LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) controller. A detailed simulation using MATLAB® Simulink is presented to evaluate the behavior of a two-wheeled autonomous self-balancing mobile robot. A mathematical model that accurately describes the robot system has been developed. Specific design techniques were then applied to each controller, and the resulting behavior was observed in terms of stability and response. This comparison has significant implications in the field of autonomous systems control and can help determine which of the two controllers is more suitable for applications of autonomous self-balancing mobile robots.
Copyright (c) 2023 Avances: Investigación en Ingeniería http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effects of meteorological variables and pollutants on the spread of covid-19 in Bogota and Barranquilla, Colombia
Previous studies have shown the relationship of air pollutants and meteorological factors with the spread of VOCID-19. This research aims to determine if there is a significant correlation between meteorological variables (temperature, precipitation, wind speed) and atmospheric pollutant (PM2.5) with the COVID-19 pandemic cases in Bogota and Barranquilla, Colombia in 2020. Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation analyses were used according to their normal distribution by the Shapiro Wilk test. Our findings indicated a significant correlation for temperature with daily cases in the city of Bogotá and Barranquilla.
Genetic modification of yeast and its effect on the Mexican industry
Genetic modification of organisms, such as yeast, has been a constantly developing field of research in the past few decades. The modification exercise is a method of genetically manipulating yeast cells and is applied to a multitude of food and beverage products to alter the flavor of items like bread, beer, wine, among others. In this sense, genetic modification of yeast is significant to the food industry because it influences the quality and quantity of products, as well as enhances their efficiency and profitability. Consequently, this study aims to explore the impact of genetic modification of yeast on the production of food and beverages. It provides several examples of successful implementations and identifies specific needs depending on the production process. Additionally, this research will consider the advantages and disadvantages of modifying microorganisms to enhance production.
Biotecnología, Industria alimentaria, Ingeniería, Levadura, Modificación Genética
Vegetation analysis from spectral indices and its relevance in the identification of water mirrors in the Torca Guaymaral wetland, Bogotá, Colombia
In Colombia, several wetlands have experienced significant changes in the water mirror, either by natural or anthropogenic processes; most of these wetlands show eutrophication, a fact that is evidenced by the uncontrolled proliferation of algae, herbaceous and sedges, making them vulnerable to phenomena such as global warming. This study focuses on the Torca - Guaymaral wetland located in the extreme north of the city of Bogotá (Colombia), which is currently affected by the rapid spread of hydromorphic vegetation. This aquatic ecosystem is habitat for countless species, while at the same time providing multiple benefits to society as an urban wetland. The analysis of the study area was performed based on vegetation and humidity in comparison with the data yielded by the NDVI and NDWI indices in the years 2014 and 2023 in the months of January and February, respectively. The wetland maps are made using ArcGIS software to process Landsat 8-9 satellite images, with a cloud cover range below 60 % and downloaded from the USGS EarthExplorer platform. The results indicate the decrease of wetlands in the Torca-Guaymaral by 7.3 %, while the scarcity of vegetation increased by 12 %, it was observed that dense vegetation decreased by 3 % and moderate vegetation by 9.24 %.
Comparison of morphofunctional characteristics of professional 11-a-side soccer and futsal players in Bogotá
Objetive. Soccer and futsal are two modalities widely practiced worldwide, so the aim is to compare the results of morphofunctional evaluations in professional teams in Bogota. Methodology. This was a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. For the morphological evaluation, body composition was evaluated and for the functional evaluation, VO2max, explosive and maximal strength were evaluated. Results. Significant differences were found in the four variables evaluated. In the percentage of body fat mass the value was 14.7%±3.4 in Soccer 11, indoor soccer with 18.3%±5.9. As for power, they obtained 252.5 watts ±48.3 in 11-a-side soccer and 201.4 watts ± 33.2 in indoor soccer. The Vo2 max variable showed an average of 53.2 ml/kg/min±4.0 in 11-a-side soccer and 43.9 ml/kg/min±14.8 in indoor soccer. In maximum strength, they had values of 813.9 kg/f±177.4 in 11-a-side soccer, compared to indoor soccer with values of 552.1 kg/f±174.4. Finally, in maximum power, a mean of 546.15watts was found for 11-a-side soccer; while futsal was 292.27watts. Conclusions. The variables Vo2max and maximum strength are the most outstanding in terms of means and standard deviations due to their p<0.05 values; which indicates that 11-a-side soccer athletes tend to have better morphofunctional characteristics compared to indoor soccer.
Preparation of a Moisturizing Drink Based on Milk Whey and Strawberry Pulp
The goal of this project is to create a protein-rich beverage based on whey and various amounts of pulp from the Fragaria fruit (strawberry). The whey was physicochemically characterized, and three beverage formulations with varied percentages of strawberry pulp (10, 25, and 40% w/w) were created. The hydrating beverages obtained were tested for pH, acidity in lactic acid and consumer sensory acceptability. The three formulations meet the physical and chemical standards described in NTE INEN 2609:2012 for whey beverages, and statistical analysis reveals no statistically significant changes between treatments. An untrained panel carried out the sensory evaluation where the main organoleptic characteristics were taken into account. The 60% whey and 40% strawberry beverage received the most approval, while taste was the highest ranking element.
Modelo de enseñanza con aprendizaje colaborativo en estudiantes de programación de computadores
This article aims to explain a characterization model in students used in a 1st Programming course in Systems Engineering and its relationship with collaborative processes and a thinking preferences model where we use them to solve computing problems. The research design used for this inquiry was the case study method from a qualitative and quantitative approach during 1st semester in several academic periods. The conclusion is that the teaching and learning model used is based in the constructivist paradigm, with a didactic model oriented to collaborative learning, which shows a simpler and more effective way for assimilation, appropriation, and application of the foundation concepts of programming.
Evaluation of the influence of motorcycles on the level of service of the most rugged traffic light intersections in the city of Bogotá.
In recent years in Colombia the use of the motorcycle has been growing, it has become an indispensable vehicle for people of medium to low stratum as a method of transport and / or work since this type of mobility generates more economy, efficiency and time savings in the transfer from one place to another. The increase in motorcycles in Bogotá is accompanied by a high rate of traffic congestion and higher accidents; Based on the "HCM 2010 Road Capacity Manual" will analyze the level of service with the impact of motorcyclists and determine whether or not this mode of transport affects traffic in the capital city. A comparison of the service level of 5 years ago with the service level of the year 2022 will be made. For this analysis, the intersections with the most traffic accidents in the city of Bogotá will be taken into account, together with the corresponding analysis under the HCM methodology. In the traffic accidents reported and surveyed in recent years by the ANSV, in Colombia it is evident that, in each of them, motorcycles are the ones with the highest incidence. Under this evidence, it will be evaluated if these affect the level of service taking into account the intersections analyzed.